Slums

Slums

1. Slums Town Planning

2. Slum A Slum is predominantly an overcrowded area which is in an advanced stage of decay where dwelling are unfit for human habitation. It is like an area where the basic amenities like water supply , drainage, for standard living are lacking, insanitary conditions prevail, and diseases flourish . It is a poverty stricken area , where there is a high rate of birth, infant mortality, illegitimacy, juvenile crime, delinquency and death , thus representing a state of hell on the surface of earth.

3. Slum

4. Slum Slum is a menace to health, safety, mortality and general welfare of inhabitants. The central Government in its slum area improvement act has adopted the definition of slum as “Any predominantly residential area where the dwelling which by reason of dilapidation overcrowding, faulty arrangement of design, lack of ventilation, light or Sanitary facility or any combination of these factors are detrimental to safety, health and morals”.

5. Slum

6. Causes of Slums

7. Causes Of Slums

8. Causes Of Slums

9. Characteristics of Slums

10. Characteristics of Slums

11. Characteristics of Slums

12. Effects of Slums The effect of slums are summarized as below: Absence of amenities: The Surrounding area of slums is lacking in essential amenities in required proportion because of over- crowding. Health : The persons residing in slums are easily attacked by various types of diseases. The climate of slums is such that it easily leads to unhealthy conditions. Surrounding Locality: The working of institution like library, schools, hospitals, etc located nearby slums, is seriously affected.

13. Effects of Slums

14. Effects of Slums Undesirable spots The slums are such on a city plan forms undesirable spots and in a sense, disturbs the appearance of a city plan. Working Conditions It is not possible to work peacefully in slums because the whole area is full of noise, traffic congestion, smoke, dust and darkness. In short a slum as such forms a black spot and spoils the healthy environment of the city as a whole.

15. Effects of Slums

16. Slum Area Improvement

17. Slum Clearance

18. Complete Removal Method

19. Improvement Method

20. Improvement Method

21. Points To Be Remembered In Slum Clearance Amenities: In addition to widening of roads , the public utility services such as water, drainage, and electricity should also be made adequate for the affected area. Legal Aspects: The legal formalities required to be implemented for the slum clearance should be strictly followed. The unnecessary haste results into serious legal complications, The legal aspect include publication and circulation of the slum clearance project, acquisition of lands, compensation for acquired properties, arrangement for the evicted population, etc.

22. Points To Be Remembered In Slum Clearance

23. Points To Be Remembered In Slum Clearance Transit Camps : When the slum clearance scheme is taken in hand, the person occupying the slum will have to be dishoused , the transit camp in the form of semi- permanent or temporary buildings are constructed in some other parts of the town to accommodate such persons temporarily.

24. Points To Be Remembered In Slum Clearance

25. Points To Be Remembered In Slum Clearance Unauthorized Person : To arrest the unauthorized persons to take advantage during the transit period , it is desirable to issue the slum dweller, a passbook containing the complete details of a family. Such practice will avoid falsification & impersonation of unauthorized person.

26. Points To Be Remembered In Slum Clearance

27. Prevention Of Slum The formation of slum is a very slow process and extreme care should be exercised by the authority to prevent the springing up of new slums in the town. Some of the important measures which can be taken to effectively prevent the slum formation. Cheap Housing Sufficient no of cheap housing should be made available to the poor people.

28. Cheap Housing

29. Prevention Of Slum Compulsion To Employers The employer of a good number of l aborers may be compelled or forced to provide housing accommodation for their staff. Construction of Buildings Certain rules and regulations may be framed and strictly enforced to restrict the coming up of buildings of subnormal standards

30. Prevention Of Slum

31. Prevention Of Slum Maintenance And Repair The responsibility of maintenance and carrying out repair should be fixed and defined in housing codes or acts . It then becomes the duty of landlord or tenant to keep existing building in a good condition. Rent Restriction If provisions is made to restrict the increase of rent, tenentants will be protected.

32. Prevention Of Slum

33. Prevention Of Slum Social Education It is possible to check the growth of slums by carrying out effective social education of the slum dwellers , the social education makes the slum dweller conscious of the evils of the slum, and a great improvement in the living standard of slum dwellers could be achieved. Unauthorized Construction It is absolute necessary to arrest immediately the unauthorized construction in the form of huts and temporary structures on vacant piece of land. The authorities concerned should take drastic action in demolishing and removing such unauthorized construction.

34. Social Education

35. Slum Area in Indian Cities It is a sad state of affair that some of the worst slum in the world can be found in major Indian cities like Mumbai, Calcutta, Ahmadabad, Surat, Chennai and Delhi. The slums are spreading very rapidly due to lack of proper and effective town and country planning.

36. Slum Area in Indian Cities

37. Slum Area in Indian Cities Dharavi Slum Mumbai Nochikuppam Slum Chennai Basanti Slum Kolkata Rajendra Nagar Slum Bangalore Indiramma Nagar Hyderabad Saroj Nagar Slum Nagpur Mehbullahpur Slum Lucknow Parivartan Slum Ahmadabad :  Approximately 440000 people live in slums within the city. Ahmadabad is home to a large population of poor peoples living on the river banks. River side slums in Ahmadabad are about 40 yr old.

38. Slum Area in Indian Cities The problem of slums in Mumbai is very acute. The areas of slum in Mumbai vary from fraction of a hectare to as many as 24 hectare in kamathipura and about 132 hectares in Dharavi. Dharavi is the biggest slum on the city map of Mumbai . Due to rapid growth and migration of population the slums have considerably expanded in Calcutta, Chennai, Surat, etc.

39. Dharavi, Mumbai

40. Slum Area in Indian Cities The Critical nature of the problem is demonstrated by the fact that 42 to 67 % of homes do not have tap water, 26 to 50 % homes do not have toilets. From recent study it is reflected that nearly 74.20 % of slum exists in 222 big towns and cities. With the limited resource available, the government and semi government bodies will have to plan out intelligently slum clearance programmes to grant adequate and decent housing to every human being.

41. Slum Area in Indian Cities

42. References Fundamentals of Town Planning : G.K. Hiraskar Slum Areas Improvement And Clearance Act 1956 http :// lawmin.nic.in/ld/P-ACT/1956/A1956-96.pdf Internet Websites

43. Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana

44. प्रधानमंत्री आवास योजना

45. Thanks…