SMALLPOX ( Pathophysiology and Health Education Presentation )

A brief Pathophysiology and Health Education Presentation on the topic - SMALLPOX by Rishabh Sharma . Includes Origin, Background, Pathogenesis, Common Clinical Signs , Epidemiology , Characteristics , Etiology , Types , Diagnosis , Differential Diagnosis , Treatment ( Mainly Vaccine ) , Prognosis , and References

1. “PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND HEALTH EDUCATION PRESENTATION” TOPIC- SMALLPOX

2. CONTENTS :-) 📑 DEFINITION (HISTORY,ORIGIN ) BACKGROUND PATHOGENESIS COMMON CLINICAL SIGNS EPIDEMIOLOGY CHARACTERISTICS ETIOLOGY TYPES DIAGNOSIS DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT (MAINLY VACCINE ) PROGNOSIS REFERENCES

3. DEFINITION, SO,FIRST WHAT IS “SMALLPOX” EXACTLY ????🤔🤔 Smallpox is a devastating disease caused by the variola virus a member of the orthopoxvirus family

4. DESCRIPTION :-) NOW, WHY IS SMALLPOX DANGEROUS ??🤔🤔🤔 IN SHORT, S mallpox is an extremely contagious and deadly virus for which there is no known cure. HISTORY AND ORIGIN OF SMALL-POX Smallpox is a contagious, disfiguring and often deadly disease that has affected humans for thousands of years. Naturally occurring smallpox was eradicated worldwide by 1980 — the result of an unprecedented global immunization campaign.

5. BACKGROUND OF SMALLPOX Inoculation for smallpox appears to have started in China around the 1500s Europe adopted this practice from Asia in the first half of the 18th century. In 1796 Edward Jenner introduced the modern smallpox vaccine.

6. SMALLPOX CAME AS A DISASTER

7. ETIOLOGY OF SMALLPOX :-

8. NOTE:- “ POXVIRUSES ARE UNIQUE AMONG DNA VIRUSES THAT THEY REPLICATE IN THE CYTOPLASM OF THE CELL RATHER THAN THE NUCLEUS ”. THUS, MAKING IT AN EXCEPTION !!!! PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF SMALLPOX

9. VARIOLA CELL STRUCTURE :-) NOTE :- VIRUS EXITS HOST CELL AFTER USING REPLICATION MACHINERY OF HOST CELL TO INFECT OTHER CELLS

10. CLASSIFICATION OF SMALLPOX :-😷😷 There were two forms of the smallpox virus. Variola major was the severe and most common form, with a more extensive rash and higher fever, which can result in confluent smallpox, which had a high death rate. Variola minor was a less common presentation, causing a less severe disease, typically discrete smallpox, with historical death rates of one percent or less Subclinical ( asymptomatic ) infections with Variola virus were noted but were not common. In addition, a form called variola sine eruptione (smallpox without rash) was seen generally in vaccinated persons. This form was marked by a fever that occurred after the usual incubation period and could be confirmed only by antibody studies or, rarely, by virus isolation . SOURCE :- WIKIPEDIA

11. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS :- ) The initial symptoms were similar to other viral diseases that are still extant, such as influenza and the common cold : fever of at least 38.3 °C (101 °F), muscle pain , malaise , headache and fatigue . As the digestive tract was commonly involved, nausea and vomiting and backache often occurred. The prodrome, or preeruptive stage, usually lasted 2–4 days. By days 12–15, the first visible lesions – small reddish spots called enanthem – appeared on mucous membranes of the mouth, tongue, palate , and throat, and temperature fell to near-normal. These lesions rapidly enlarged and ruptured, releasing large amounts of virus into the saliva .

12. INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE :-) The more dangerous form, variola major, led to smallpox disease that killed about 30% of people who were infected. Variola minor caused a less deadly type that killed about 1% of those who got it.

13. NOTE :- BEING A COMMUNICABLE DISEASE, SMALLPOX CAN EASILY SPREAD THROUGH SLIGHTEST OF BODY CONTACT, TOUCH AND EVEN CLOTHES , WEARINGS OF THE AFFECTED PATIENT.THUS, IT IS NOT ADVISABLE TO SHARE CLOTHES, BED WITH THE PATIENT

14. DIAGNOSIS OF SMALLPOX

15. PROGNOSIS OF SMALPOX

16. NOW, WHAT MAKES SMALLPOX DIFFERENT THAN CHICKENPOX :A BRIEF COMPARISON !!!! 😦

17. RASH COMPARISON BETWEEN SMALLPOX AND CHICKENPOX :-)

18. NOTE :- TO PREVENT THE SPREAD OF VACCINIA , DON’T TOUCH THE VACCINATION SITE OFTEN.

19. NOTE :- VACCINATION IS RECOMMENDED WHEN THE CASE OF SMALLPOX IS CONFIRMED 😷😷 , BECAUSE THE VACCINE POSSESS SERIOUS POTENTIAL SIDE EFFECTS !!!!!!!!!💀💀💀💀

20. NOTE :- THE SMALLPOX VACCINE CONTAINS THE LIVE STRAIN OF VACCINIA - “THUS , FOLLOWING THE PRINCIPLE OF SIR “EDWARD JENNER ”- A great medical contribution made by him 🙏🙏🙏

21. VACCINATION METHOD FOR SMALLPOX 💉💉💉

22. “MAJOR TREATMENT FOR SMALLPOX CAME OUT TO BE VACCINATION “ THOUGH PREVENTION IS ALWAYS BETTER THAN CURE !!💉💉💉

23. NOTE:- “WITHIN 3 DAYS OF BEING EXPOSED TO THE VIRUS, THE VACCINE MIGHT PROTECT YOU FROM GETTING THE DISEASE “ !!!!!!!!!!

24. SINCE THE NEEDLE IS USED TO PRICK THE SKIN A NO. OF TIMES !!! THIS MAKES IT SERIOUSLY PAINFUL !!!!! 💉💉💉💉💉💉

25. HEMORRHAGIC SMALLPOX (MOST SEVERE FORM ):- 😟😟 Hemorrhagic smallpox was a severe form accompanied by extensive bleeding into the skin, mucous membranes, and gastrointestinal tract. This form developed in approximately 2 percent of infections and occurred mostly in adults In hemorrhagic smallpox the skin did not blister, but remained smooth. Instead, bleeding occurs under the skin, making it look charred and black, hence this form of the disease was also known as black pox. It has very rarely been caused by variola minor. While bleeding is predominantly in the severe and fatal cases.

26. REFERENCES :-🔖📕📖🕮📚 ”PLeASE NOTE :- ALL STRICT MEASURES WERE TAKEN TO AVOID PLAGIARISM AND COPYING WHETHER FROM ONLINE OR OFFLINE RESOURCES . HOWEVER, SOME SLIGHT RESOURCES WERE USED FOR A GENERAL IDEA WHICH HAVE BEEN MENTIONED IN HERE AS WELL !!! https://www.google.com/search?q=world+health+smallpox+is+dead&sxsrf=ALeKk03GR9_O13U58JNcdfqPMoBomvcsjw:1588337051756&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X& https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/smallpox-causes-treatment#1 https://www.google.com/search?q=smallpox&tbm=isch&hl=en&chips=q:smallpox,g_1:edward+jenner:_NTZUqakN9Q%3D,g_1:cartoon:fmjBY_12Fk8%3D&hl=en&ved=2a https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smallpox https://www.cdc.gov/smallpox/history/history.html https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/smallpox/symptoms-causes/syc-20353027 https://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/articles/history-smallpox https://www.healthline.com/health/smallpox

27. REFERENCES :-)🔖🔖🔖📚📚📚🕮 https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/237229-overview https://www.google.com/search?q=Treatment+of+smallpox&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjbxLTwzJLpAhXUGCsKHdMzC6wQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=Treatment+of+smallpox& https://www.medicinenet.com/smallpox/article.htm https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1200696/ https://medlineplus.gov/smallpox.html https://www.livescience.com/65304-smallpox.html https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/04/how-smallpox-successfully-eradicated-covid/ https://ourworldindata.org/smallpox https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/smallpox.html

28. REFERENCES :-🔖🔖📑📑 https://www.britannica.com/science/smallpox https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/01/paper-showing-how-make-smallpox-cousin-just-got-published-critics-wonder-why https://www.history.com/news/the-rise-and-fall-of-smallpox https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/health-and-human-body/human-diseases/smallpox/ https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/pox-viruses/smallpox

29. SOME ADDITIONAL RESOURCES :-)📙📘📖📑📚📚 https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/smallpox_01.shtml https://www.google.com/search?q=smallpox&tbm=isch&hl=en&chips=q:smallpox,g_1:edward+jenner:_NTZUqakN9Q%3D,g_1:cartoon:fmjBY_12Fk8%3D&hl=en&ved=2a https://www.google.com/search?q=Treatment+of+smallpox&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjbxLTwzJLpAhXUGCsKHdMzC6wQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=Treatment+of+smallpox&

30. SUBMITTED TO :-) DR. SUNANDA GHOSH DASTIDAR SUBMITTED BY :-) RISHABH SHARMA