SNAKE AND INSECT BITE and its management which is a great topic.pptx

high yeild topic for medical students regarding snake bite and its management

1. SNAKE AND INSECT BITE

2. SNAKE BITE > 2500 species Only 250 species venomous Snakes bites on easy contact sites like legs, foot, sometimes hand. Snakes don’t bite without provocation, but sometimes if they feel threatened

3. Hindus worship Nag(king cobra) on the occasion of nag panchami that is celebrated in mid monsoon. Colorful posters are posted on the main door of house during nag panchami . Fang of snake is recognized as symbol of power.

4. In Asia, 4 million snake bites occur per year(maximum in India) of which 50 percent is from poisonous snakes and an average 100,000 deaths. They are distinguished on the basis of their scales, dentition, bones, muscles, etc

5. COMMON SNAKE BITES AND DEATHS King cobra Common cobra Krait Russell’s viper Saw-scaled viper

6. KING COBRA

7. COMMON COBRA Short grooved fangs Pupil circular Neurotoxic

8. RUSSELL’S VIPER

9. KRAIT

10. SAW-SCALED VIPER

11. COBRA Long cylindrical body Head is nearly same width as neck and covered with large scales. Pupils- round Fangs- short, fixed and grooved Venom- neurotoxic VIPER Short body with narrow neck Triangular and wider head as compared to neck with small scales. Pupils- vertical Fangs- long movable and canalized( can bite through clothes and deliver full dose of venom) Venom- vasculotoxic

12. VENOMOUS AND NON VENOMOUS SNAKE

13. POISONOUS Head- triangular except cobra Fangs- present Pupils- elliptical Anal plate- single row of plates Bite marks- fang marks NON-POISONOUS Head- rounded Fangs- not present Pupils- rounded Anal plate- double row of plates Bite marks- row of small teeth

14. SNAKE BITE Snake bite occurs in all parts of Nepal especially terai regions, some valleys of middle hilly region (where there is tropical climate). Accurate data of number of snake bites is hard to get due to poor availability of health care services in rural areas where snakw bite is common. In developing countries, 80 percent of people who gets bitten by snake first consult traditional healers before visiting medical centers.

15. In Nepal, 77 species of venomous snakes are found and 22 of them are venomous. 3 species of Cobra and 5 species of Krait are commonly found and have neurotoxin features. Morbidity and mortality are high due to snake bite in Nepal. Who estimated more than 20000 people are bitten by snake and 1 thousand people die each year from snakebite in Nepal.

16. Cobra, krait, coral sankes venom is neurotoxic. Viper venom is hematotoxic . Russell’s viper venom causes bleeding manifestations.

17. COBRA VENOM Neurotoxic Acts on respiratory and cardiac centers in brain. Signs and symptoms: Local: burning, pain, swelling, redness, paresis General: vomiting, nausea, progressive weakness and paralysis of voluntary muscles like tongue, larynx, lips. So difficulty swallowing, speaking and breathing occurs.

18. General symptoms…. Respiratory paralysis Delirium Coma Death Snake venom is also used as arrow poison.

19. VIPER VENOM Vasculotoxic and hemolytic Lysis of RBC, hemoglobinuria , depression of coagulation. Signs and symptoms: Local: ecchymosis, swelling, oozing of blood General: Nausea, vomiting Dilation of pupil

20. General symptoms….. Bleeding from various sites( epistaxis, hematuria, malena , petechial hage , etc ) Death due to circulatory collapse

21. WHO ARE AT RISK OF BITE? People who live in wilderness, camps, hikes, picnics, or live in snake inhabitant areas are at high risk. Encounter is increased by activities like agriculture, raw materials collection in jungles.

22. WHAT TO DO WHEN A SNAKE BITES?(RIGHT) R - Reassure the patient I - Immobilize the bitten parts without tight bandages G H - Get the patient to hospital as soon as possible. Antivenom is the only cure for poisonous snake bite. T - Tell the signs and symptoms such as drooping eyelids to the hospital staff that occurs in the way.

23. MANAGEMENT OF SNAKE BITE: Move the patient to a nearby safe area. Call for emergency assistance immediately. Lie down the patient and help them rest and keep calm. Wash the bite with soap and water. Keep warm and avoid cooling the area to prevent further tissue damage Affected limb shouldn't be elevated and should be manhandled as little as possible.

24. Remove all watches, rings, and constrictive clothings in case of swelling. Loosely immobilize the bitten area and keep it lower than the heart. Do not give anything to eat and drink. Monitor heart rate and breathing. Note the time of bite. TREATMENT: Anti-snake venom

25. WHAT NOT TO DO? Do not allow the victim to become over-exerted. Do not apply tourniquet. Do not apply cold compress to the snake bite. Do not try to suction the venom by mouth. Do not give the victims anything by mouth. Do not raise the site of bite above the level of victim’s heart.

26. ROLE OF COMPRESSION BANDAGES: This will prevent venom draining from initial lymphatics to the circulation. Walls of lymphatic are thinner with low pressure(1mm Hg) Bandage should be applied above the wound up to the next joint. Should be tight enough to occlude the superficial venous and lymphatic but not to occlude deep venous and arterial supply.

27. Cause of death: Respiratory obstruction Tongue fall Respiratory paralysis Aspiration Bleeding disorder

28. PREVENTION OF SNAKE BITE: Education to leave snake alone, many people try to kill them. Stay out of tall grasses unless one wears thick leather boots and full pants. Remain on hiking path as much as possible. Keep hands and feet out of area where one cannot see. One shouldn’t pick rock and firewood unless out of a snake striking distance. Be cautious and alert when climbing rocks.

29. SCORPION BITE

30. Scorpions have sting at the tail end. Habitat: Temperate, tropical, subtropical, deserts(grassland, savannas,forests ) Venom is neurotoxic and hematotoxic (hemolytic). TREATMENT: Antivenin

31. SPANISH FLY