SNG system overview for the natural gas shortage

SNG

1. What is SNG system? SNG-Synthetic Natural Gas/ Stimulated Natural Gas SNG is a direct replacement for natural gas. In composition, SNG is readily produced by blending compressed air with vaporized propane gas (LPG). LPG Liquid LPG Vapor LPG/Air Mixer Load How is SNG Operate?

2. THERE ARE FIVE BASIC STEPS FOR MAKING SNG Lastly the SNG needs to be discharged into the existing natural gas line and into the plant LPG vapor and air are blended at a ratio ,this mixture is SNG . At the vaporizer, liquid LPG is heated until it becomes vapor. A pump is needed to pump liquid LPG from the storage tank to the vaporizer at an elevated pressure. First need two ingredients: LPG and air.

3. HYDROCARBON CHEMICAL MAKEUP

4. FUEL INTERCHANGEABILITY ⯈ Factors to consider ⯈ specific gravity ⯈ calorific value ⯈ limits of inflammability

5. WOBBE INDEX ⯈ W .I. = C. V . ⯈ S.G. ⯈ C.V. = Calorific Value or Heating Value 1 S.G. = Specific Gravity of Gas

6. PURE LPG 70/30 NATURAL GAS ⯈ S.G . = 1.85 ⯈ C. V . = 3051 BTU/CF ⯈ W .I. = 2238 BTU/CF ⯈ S. G = 0.6 ⯈ C. V . = 1000 BTU/CF ⯈ W .I. = 1291 BTU/CF

7. LIMITS OF INFLAMMABILITY FOR COMMON FUELS SNG (Propane) 56% SNG (Butane) 50%

8. LPG (70/30) / AIR MIX ⯈ 51.5% LPG 48.5 % AIR ⯈ S.G. = 1.43 ⯈ C.V. = 1555 BTU/CF ⯈ W.I. = 1290 BTU/CF

9. TYPES OF VAPORIZER HOT WATER POWERED VAPORIZER DIRECT FIRED VAPORIZER STEAM BASED VAPORIZER WATERBATH VAPORIZER ELECTRIC VAPORIZER

10. ...Innovative liquid vaporizing and gas mixing solutions Innovative Thermal Solutions Revised 04.06.01 100% turndown capability. Both LPG and steam fabrication are stamped in accordance with ASME. Explosion Proof configuration meets Class I, Division 1, Group D as defined by NFPA pamphlet 70. Factory Mutual (FM) approved. Two safety devices to ensure dry superheated vapor. Bayonet style tubes allow stress-free expansion unlike other designs. Fully insulated for maximum thermal efficiency. Ready to connect to plant facilities. Strainer included. Stainless steel outer heat exchanger tubes standard.

11. • • • Utility grade indirect fired horizontal LP-Gas vaporizer Converts LP-Gas into superheated vapor at a balanced p r essu r e Designed for long term or intermittent use outdoors under extreme ambient conditions, and with little maintenance. P r oven r eliability to -40°F • Heavy duty Eclipse industrial burner r equi r es no adjustments, even at high elevation • Built-in heavy ends separation chamber prevents clogging of regulators and other downstream devices • External water bath expansion tank r educes glycol boil o f f and r educes oxygen entrainment, which is the primary cause of corrosion • • • Walk-in style control room to protect from the elements Push to prime featu r e for cold-start days Optional Low NOx Burner Configuration Horizontal Waterbath Vaporizer Models: Q1650H through Q15000H Revised 7.28.09

12. The SAFEST , most RELIABLE , and most EFFICIENT gas- fired LPG waterbath vaporizer on the market. START HERE

13. Mixes LPG with air to form a simulated natural gas mixture 100% turndown means these units are perfect for variable or steady loads FM and UL approved vaporizer with many years of proven performance ASME code stamped pressure vessels for vaporizer and surge tank Air inlet silencer for quiet operation (80 dB at 10 feet) Economical solution to achieve lower gas bills Ensures your plant or facility will never be without gas Electrical consumption less than 1 amp Available in 110v or 220v/1/50-60Hz Units come standard with the CRN (Canadian Registration Number) for all Canadian provinces Revised 09.18.00 ...Innovative liquid vaporizing and gas mixing solutions N e w P r o d u c t A nnoun c e m e n t !

14. Propane LPG 70°/+ B / 30°/+ P Model 10 psig 20 psig 10 psig 20 psig F4 72 j 102 79 111 F6 163 229 179 251 F10 453 637 498 699 F12 653 | 918 717 1007 F14 889 | 1249 976 1371 F16 1161 | 1632 1274 1791 F20 1815 | 2550 1991 2798 F24 2614 | 3672 2868 4029 F30 4084 | 5738 4481 6296 FILTAIRE TM Contaminant Separator Model F6 Shown Capacity shown in GPH; FILTAIRE capacity is dependent on the flow rate. FILTAIRE T ^ is a filtering device designed to trap heavy hydrocarbons commonly present in LP gas vapor and other materials which may be in the gas due to storage conditions or internal condition of the equipment. The FILTAIRE T M , when installed downstream of the vaporizer and first stage regulator, is designed to collect hydrocarbons and impurities. Residual heavy end hydrocarbons with boiling points higher than pure LPG are trapped by the internal filter and fall to the bottom for removal through the drain valve. A pressure gauge is provided to monitor the outlet pressure for indication the FILTAIRE T M has accumulated impurities and needs cleaning. Features 3‘ Drain Valve for easy removal of impurities ¥• Pressure gauge to indicate pressure drop 3• Design pressure of 250 psig ¥• Models F4, F6 & F10 standard with ASME & CRN for all provinces in Canada \• F12 — F30 ASME Standard, CRN optional ¥• Optional Dual liquid level switches ¥ Available factory installed to warn user the FILTAIRE TM requires draining due to the accumulation of liquid in the reservoir. Form F- 0816

15. 12/13/2007 S. TORRES ALGAS-SDI.COM Dra w n B y : 1601-6005 EXTRA HIGH CAPACITY 120/220VAC FLARE STACK EQUIPMENT DRAWING A ppr o v e d B y : THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION Da t e : P a r t N o . : THIS DRAWING IS PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL AND SHALL N O T BE RE P R O DUCED O R USED IN ANY MANNER DETRIMENTAL TO ALGAS-SDI ' S INTERESTS. ALL RI GHTS RESERVED. © C O P Y R I G HT ALGAS-SD I Scale: 1:24 AND NOTED J o b N o . : ASDI STD DO NOT SCALE DRAWING B Re v . : S h t . N o . : 1 of 1 G Size: D w g . N o .: T i t l e : TOLERANCES UN LES S OT HE R W I S E SPECIFIED .X 0.10 .XX 0.030 .XXX 0.010 ANGLE 1 FRACTIONS 1/4" INTER P RET T H IS D R AWING IN A C C O R D AN C E WITH L A TEST RE V I SION AND A D D E N D A OF AN S I / A S M E Y14 . 5 24" 610mm 45° 174 1 " 8 4423mm 12" OD 305mm STAINLES S STEE L HEAD 2" 51mm 20" 508mm 20" 508mm 4 THRU 24" 610mm 24" 610mm 4X 3 " 19mm 2" 51mm A DRAI N WIT H PLUG LPG/AIR INLET 3" 150# FLANGE INSTAL L FIR E CHECK VALV E HERE (OPTIONAL) 4X BRIDAL HANGERS HEA T SHIEL D 6 14-16" [355-408mm] SOLENOID 3 " 150 # FLANGE REGULATO R WIT H PRESSUR E GAUGE 1/4 " NPT BAL L VALVE 3/8 " O.D . CU TUBING FO R PILOT (FIEL D INSTALLED) 120V O R 220V/1 PH/50-60HZ CONTRO L BOX (ELECTRICA L SERVIC E REQUIRED) NAMEPLATE 7 PILOT GA S SUPPLY FRO M LP G TANK O R 1S T STAGE REGULATOR ON/OFF SWITCH W/ INDICATOR FLAM E ROD IGNITOR DETAIL A SCALE 1 : 8 PILOT BURNER NOTES: CLAMPS, FASTENERS, AND 3/8" OD TUBING TO BE SHIPPED SEPARATELY. DRY CONTACT PROVIDED FOR CONTROLLING AUTOMATIC SHUT-OFF VALVE. RATING: 7A @ 240V. AUTOMATIC SHUT-OFF VALVE REQUIRES: 2 5 SEC . - OPEN RATE 5 SEC . - CLOSING RATE EXTERIO R PAINT : A.S.D.I . PS10. APPROX. WEIGHT : 32 LBS. SHIPPED LOOSE FOR FIELD INSTALLATION. INSTALL PER INSTRUCTIONS PN 54393. SUPPL Y LP G VAPO R FRO M VAPORIZER O R LP G TAN K TO PILOT CONTRO L INLET . I F VAPORIZER PRESSUR E I S LES S THAN 4 PSI, A PUMP MUS T B E ADDED TO INCREAS E PRESSURE. Ana Torres Digitally signed by Ana Torres Date: 2022.08.25 17:09:44 -07'00'

16. ALGAS-SDI INTRODUCTION ⯈ Manufacture LPG vaporizers ⯈ Smallest: 40 Kg/Hr ⯈ Largest: 30,000 Kg/Hr ⯈ Manufacture equipment for SNG systems ⯈ Liquid LPG pump skids ⯈ LPG/air mixers ⯈ Oil demisters (LPG vapor filter) ⯈ Calorimeters ⯈ Flare stacks ⯈ CNG Decompression Systems ⯈ Full Engineering Department for other gas mixing applications ⯈ NG/air mixing for WWTP, Biogas, Landfill gas, etc.

17. ASDI AND ISO 9001 ⯈ ISO is the International Organization for Standardization. ⯈ It establishes common worldwide standards. ⯈ ISO 9001 Quality Systems: ⯈ Model for quality assurance in design, development, production, installation, and servicing. ⯈ Certified to weld to ASME B31.3 and European PED H Module.

18. APPRO V ALS AND ACCREDI TA TIONS ⯈ FM-Factory Mutual USA ⯈ CSA-Canadian Standards Association ⯈ CE/ A TEX/NEMKO ⯈ South Australia ⯈ GOST/Rostehnadzor-Russia N

19. Vapor Liquid A vaporizer does not increase pressure. It only adds heat! 1 st stage regulation Increased temperature safety before condensation

20. BOILING POINT OF LPG ⯈ At Atmospheric pressure: ⯈ Propane = -43.7°F (-42.1°C) ⯈ N-Butane = 31.1°F (-0.5°C) ⯈ At 100 PSIG: ⯈ Propane = ⯈ N-Butane = 65°F (18.3°C) 155°F (68°C)

21. TWO BASIC EQUATIONS ⯈ Heat Transfer ⯈ Q = U * A * Δ Tm ⯈ Q = Energy Flow Rate ⯈ U = Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient ⯈ A = Surface Area ⯈ Δ Tm = Temperature Differential (Log Mean) ⯈ Energy Balance ⯈ Q required = Q supplied

22. HIGH CAPACITY VAPORIZERS ⯈ Power ⯈ Electric ⯈ – 1,280 gph ⯈ Explosion proof, Non-incendive ⯈ Azeovaire ⯈ Steam or Hot Water ⯈ - 5500 gph ⯈ Explosion proof ⯈ Low Operating / Capital Costs

23. HIGH CAPACITY VAPORIZERS ⯈ Aquavaire Vertical ⯈ Gas Fired ⯈ 0-1650 gph ⯈ Low Operating Costs ⯈ Self Contained ⯈ Aquavaire Horizontal ⯈ Gas Fired ⯈ 1650 - 15,000 gph ⯈ Low Operating Costs ⯈ Self Contained

24. BURNER TRAIN COMPONENTS ⯈ 1. Main gas supply valve ⯈ 2. High gas pressure switch ⯈ 3. Dungs dual main gas valve ⯈ 4. 2nd stage regulator relief vent ⯈ 5. Flame safeguard ⯈ 6. Second Stage burner regulator (Q1120V, Q1375V and Q1650V only) ⯈ 7. Blower housing assembly ⯈ 8. Flame rod (UV scanner for Q1650V) ⯈ 9. Gas pilot solenoid valve ⯈ 10. Pilot supply valve ⯈ 11. Burner inlet pressure gauge

25. © 2012, Algas-SDI International

26. NATURAL GAS-VARIATION IN DEMAND P e a k S h a v in g 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 J u n S ept D ec M a r Temperature (Deg C) Gas Consumption (1000 x m3/hr)

27.  BLENDAIRE II – PEAK SHAVING OPTION Operation Point Description: ⯈ A: Mixer is in standby mode until lo ad reaches 95% of NG setpoint. At 95% of NG setpoint, mixer turns “on” and mixes at Min Capacity setpoint. This is s t a g e 1 run m o d e . ⯈ B: Mixers incre ases flow in response to incre ased load requirement, c a pp i n g t h e N G f l o w a t t h e N G s e t po int. This is s t a g e 2 run m o d e . ⯈ C: The mixer returns to standby mode as the load decreases below the NG setpoint. The mixer remains in standby mode until the load reaches 95% of the NG setpoint. ⯈ D: The mixer automatically responds to load changes and inje cts SNG to k e e p t h e f l o w r a t e o f t h e N G a t t h e N G s e t po int ( s t a g e 2 run m o de ) . ⯈ E: If t h e l o a d e x c e e d s t h e N G s e t po int p lus t h e m a x M i x e r c a p ac ity s e t po int , t h e mi x e r w il l f l o w a t M a x M i x e r C a p ac ity S e t po int. In this ca s e , the excess load requirement must be met by NG; the NG setpoint is exceeded. ⯈ F: As the load decreases, the NG and SNG are able to meet the demand. ⯈ G: As the load decreases below the NG setpoint, the mixer reverts back to standby mode.

28.  BLENDAIRE II – PEAK SHAVING OPTION Benefits: It allows an industrial customer to use as much natural gas as possible. Typically, NG costs less than LPG so this option allows the customer to keep his operating costs as low as possible. For a NG utility; it allows them to purchase gas on a interruptible transportation contract, which is significantly cheaper than purchasing g a s o n a firm t a riff.

29.  BLENDAIRE II – PEAK SHAVING OPTION Minimum Mixer capacity setpoint: 150 cfh Maximum Mixer capacity setpoint: 1000 cfh Maximum NG flow rate setpoint: 2000 cfh

30. FLARE STACK (Algas) AIR TANK (Algas) Compressor Compressor REGULATOR (Algas) BLENDAIRE (Algas) ELECTRIC VAPORIZER (Algas) CLIENT/BM CLIENT/BM Natural Gas DENSITOMETER (Algas) SNG PT CLIENT Regulator (Algas) LPG Storage Tank LPG Stablaier System (Algas) Filter (Algas)

31. APPLICATIONS/ENGINEERING SEMINAR FOR LPG AND NATURAL GAS REPLACEMENT

32. Applications/Engineering Seminar for LPG and Natural Gas Replacement © 2012, Algas-SDI International

33. POWER ® -Series Multi-Core Vaporizers © 2012, Algas-SDI International

34. A QU AV AIR E  W at e r bat h V apo r i z e rs Q320V . . . . . . . . Q15,000H © 2012, Algas-SDI International

35.  BLENDAIRE II PARALLEL PIPE MIXER

36.  BLENDAIRE II HMI SCREEN-MAIN ⯈ The Main screen allows the operator to monitor critical process values a n d a d just o p e r a ti n g s e t po ints. M i x e r s t a tus, p r o c e ss v a l u e s, s c r ee n selection buttons and control buttons are displayed.

37.  BLENDAIRE II – OPERATIONAL MODE SCREEN ⯈ The Op Mode screen allows the operator to configure the Operational Mode of the BLENDAIRE mixer and configure the Standby setpoints for each mode.

38. INTEGRATED CONTROLS

39. Walk in Maintenance House © 2012, Algas-SDI International

40. Liuzhou City-Base Load in China © 2012, Algas-SDI International Liuzhou City-Tanks Liuzhou – Unloading compressor Liuzhou-Pumps

41. Liuzhou City-Mixer and Vaporizer © 2012, Algas-SDI International

42. Dubai-Palm Jumeirah Package © 2012, Algas-SDI International Dubai-Palm Jumeirah Pump Dubai-Palm Jumeirah Dubai - Palm Jumeirah

43. Dubai-air compressors, send out line © 2012, Algas-SDI International Dubai-Palm Jumeirah Duba i - F l are Duba i - M i xer

44. Metzen y Sena-Uruguay © 2012, Algas-SDI International Metzen y Sena - Uruguay Metzen y Sena - Uruguay Metzen y Sena - Uruguay

45. Mobile NG Pipeline Repair SNG System © 2012, Algas-SDI International Mobile NG Pipeline Repair SNG System Mobile NG Pipeline Repair SNG System

46. Multi Aquavaire Waterbaths in Container © 2012, Algas-SDI International Multi Aquavaire Waterbath Vaporizers in Container Multi Aquavaire Waterbath Vaporizers in Container

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