A symbol is something that means both what it is and more than what it is; symbols function
both literally and figuratively at the same time.
1. The mad dog becomes a threat to the children and others on the Finches' street when it nears
their home. So, Atticus shoots it. However, as a symbol, the dog represents more than what it
is. It represents a true physical threat that can be dealt with in only one quick way. By contrast,
the mob scene of a later chapter in which men converge upon the jailhouse, demanding that Tom
Robinson be released to them, so that they may lynch him is not a situation that calls for this one,
direct "solution." Tom is a human being with certain rights, one of which is the right to a fair
trial, a right in which Atticus strongly believes. In shooting the dog, Atticus compromises no
principles. However, were he to release Tom to the mob, he would greatly compromise his
priniciples.
2. The snowman that the children build for Miss Maudie is built, as are many a snowman, for
the pleasure of its construction and for the pleasure that it provides those who look upon it.
However, the significance of this act is that the Jem and Scout make this delight in snow for the
same reasons that Miss Maudie bakes for them: They wish to manifest their affections for her in
a material way. When Miss Maudie's house burns, for instance, Scout is quick to reassure her
that they will rebuild the snowman.
In addition to being a work of their love, the snowman, when first constructed, had to be made of
both dirt and snow since there was not enough snow. The dark soil and the white snow work
together, just as black and white must work together in society in order to have successful co-
existences.
3. The tree with a knot hole is like a mailbox for Boo Radley; it is his means of communication
with the children through the boundaries of his cofinement. In it he leaves little gifts for Jem,
Scout, and Dill. When Mr. Radley blocks this hole, he severs communication for Boo with the
outside world, a very cruel act on his part, for it again alienates Boo. Mr. Radley's act is another
display of his miscommunication with the world. Jem and Scout made the "snow" man out of
materials that were readily available, gathering as much snow as they could from Miss Maudie's
yard. We do not tend to get too much snow in the South, and when we do, it is a mixture of
snow and mud (really, more mud than snow), so this is why their snowman ends up being made
more of mud. I am not sure that Harper Lee was necessarily symbolizing anything here, other
than the fact that the South is not the most snow - friendly part of the U.S. They make the
snowman that looks like Mr. Avery because he is a rather unpleasant old man who lives down
the street. As children tend to do, they were poking fun at someone that they did not like very
much. In fact, the resemblence to Mr. Avery is so strong, that their father Atticus tells them to
disguise it.
Is the mud snowman a symbol?
Jem and Scout build a "mudman" because there isn't enough snow on the ground to construct
a snowman. When Scout realizes what he is doing she says:
“‘Jem, I ain’t ever heard of a nigger snowman.’”