Soapless detergent

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1. Manufacturing Of Soapless Detergents Submitted By: Nibras Al Haq C.M Subject: Chemistry Grade: 8 Silvermount International School

2. What do you mean by Soap less Detergents or Synthetic Detergents? Soap fewer detergents are very much like soap in appearance and use and are now being widely used as soap substitutes. These are made from chemicals that are produced synthetically in a chemical factory, hence also known as, 'Synthetic Detergent'. These are derived from fats and oils, petroleum and benzene in solution , these detergents form liquids of varying degrees of alkanet . All soap less detergents have the advantages of not reacting with the water hardness , so they wash equally well in soft and hard water. They can also be used in water that has acid or salt added i.e. for washing coloured articles where the dye tends to run.

3. What do you mean by Soap less Detergents or Synthetic Detergents? There is a greater and wider horizon for detergents. It is generally felt that detergents are better than soaps because they: 1. can be used in hard as well as soft water. They wet fabrics more quickly and readily than soap. 2. leave no soap scum or curd on tub or clothes. 3. dissolve freely even in cool water, rise freely even in hard water. 4. greatly increases removal of dirt. 5. contain superior built-in optical bleach or brighter which eliminates the need for excessive use of chlorine bleach or for bluing.

4. What do you mean by Soap less Detergents or Synthetic Detergents? 6. are active emulsifiers of motor grease? 7. are 'one-package' products containing not only detergent but also builders , optical? bleach and water softener all 'built in' to do a superior soil-removal job. The expense of these detergents is greater than that of soap, however, it must be remembered that half as much only is used.

5. Making Soapless Detergents How are Soapless Detergents Made Anionic surfacants The chemical reacts with hydrocarbons derived from petroleum or fats and oil, produce new acids similar to fatty acids. A second reaction adds an alkali to the new acids to produce one type of anionic surfactant molecule . ?

6. Making Soapless Detergents Nonionic Surfactants Nonionic surfactant molecules are produced by first converting the hydrocarbon to an alcohol and then reacting the fatty alcohol with ethylene oxide. These nonionic surfactants can be reacted further with sulfur-containing acids to form another type of anionic surfactant.

7. Soapless Detergents Soaps have been used for washing for thousands of years but they always had one disadvantage. If used in hard water, i.e. water containing dissolved minerals such as Ca or Mg , they produced an insoluble scum. Soapless detergents have similar structures to soaps but are manufactured from aromatic hydrocarbons obtained from crude oil. They wash just as efficiently as soap but they do not produce scum with hard water. 2+ 2+

8. Soapless Detergents You should be able to know: 1. Draw the structural formula of a typical soapmolecule. 2. Describe briefly the main stages involved in soap manufacture. 3. State the meaning of saponification and explain what advantage it has over ordinary hydrolysis os an ester. 4. Draw the structural formula of a typical soapless detergent molecule. 5. Describe briefly the main stages involved in the manufacture of soapless detergents. 6. Explain why soapless detergents are more useful than soap in certain areas. 7. Describe similarities and differences in structure between soap and soapless detergents. 8. Explain what is meant by the term detergent. 9. Describe how detergents remove grease and act as emulsifying agents.