Social & Behavioral Determinants of Public health Class Presentation'.pptx

Healthcare

1. Reproductive, Maternal & Child Health Social & Behavioral aspects of Public Health Dr. Monika Maheshwari

2. Introduction Maternal and newborn health remains a critical health issue of developing countries Every year 300,00 women die of maternal causes- Additionally; relevant neonatal death toll is also high Fifty times higher Maternal mortality in Rural areas/ underprivileged communities Maternal and neonatal deaths prevented by proven cost-effective interventions —such as prenatal care, institutional delivery, postpartum and newborn care, and family planning

3. Introduction The impact of these cost-effective interventions, however , is limited Public Health focus Improvement of maternal/ neonatal health in rural/ poor areas Change in behavioural patterns related to maternity and childbirth is MUST needed To promote the use of health services that can reduce maternal and neonatal deaths Achieving this kind of behavioural change is not an easy task in any context Rural populations of developing countries face a number of barriers

4. PAKISTAN: a case The prevalence of high maternal mortality is deeply alarming in Pakistan National Institute of Population Studies conducted “Pakistan Maternal Mortality Survey 2019” Sania Omer in a recent qualitative study found that; Poor socioeconomic status Limited knowledge about maternal care Financial constraints among rural people were the main barriers to seeking care The low status of women and male domination The preference for Traditional Birth Attendants Early marriages and lack of Family Planning Religion and Traditions The influence of traditional or spiritual healers MMR 186/ per 100,000 LB NMR 42/ 1,000 LB, IMR 62/ 1,000 LB

5. Maternal Mortality in Low Income Developing Countries: Three Delays

6. Themes: Factors affecting RMNCH Impact of Social risk factors on individual outcomes Early marriages Religion and Traditions The influence of traditional or spiritual healers Impact of behavioral risk factors contribute to public heath outcomes Limited knowledge about maternal care Minimal uptake of Family Planning/ birth spacing The preference for Traditional Birth Attendants

7. Themes: Factors affecting RMNCH Social Inequalities in community Financial constraints among rural people as main barriers to seeking care Rich Poor difference Gender discrimination in health Early marriages and lack of Family Planning The low status of women and male domination Health disparities among marginalized and underprivileged population Poor socioeconomic status

8. Themes: Factors affecting RMNCH Individual Behavior change versus community empowerment F Roel of Civil Society Organizations and Non-governmental Organization in behavior change E T

9. Promote Social & Behavioral Changes: Strategies Campaign—public announcements on television and radio, billboards, pamphlets, etc. But the change is not supported and after three years knowledge decays and behavior returns to previous patterns ( mcdowell and mcdivitt 1990; naugle and hornick 2014 The distribution of vouchers to women in rural areas who accessed prenatal care services and/ or had an institutional delivery/ including transportation costs Other initiatives that cover direct costs can be promising, such as community based loan funds for transport in the event of obstetrical emergencies.

10. Promote Social & Behavioral Changes: Strategies Local change agents—trained women in the community or a “health community agent”—so that women have access to individual counselling as well as the support of women’s groups. (Lassi, Haider, and Bhutta 2010; Haroon et al. 2013; Prost et al. 2013; Adam et al. 2014) Community-based interventions seem to have especially positive impacts on indicators related to social norms such as contraceptive use and institutional delivery Institutional birth and Community Midwife Program Increasing use of family planning, use of wireless technology and social media to educate women and promote social change in rural communities