Social anthropology

Sociology

1. Social Anthropology Pavithra Narasimhan

2. Social Anthropology Anthropology  is the scientific study of humanity, concerned with human behavior, human biology, cultures and societies, in both the present and past, including past human species.  Social anthropology  studies patterns of behaviour , while cultural  anthropology  studies cultural meaning, including norms and values. Franz Boas is regarded as both the “ father  of modern  anthropology ” and the “ father  of American  anthropology .” He was the first to apply the scientific method to  anthropology , emphasizing a research- first method of generating theories

3. Social Anthropology the comparative study of the ways in which people live in different social and cultural settings across the globe Social anthropology is the study of all peoples everywhere – what they make, what they do, what they think and how they organise their social relationships and societies. Social anthropologists  usually report their research in the form of 'ethnographies', which are detailed descriptions of the society in question

4. Social anthropology is the study of human society and cultures . Social anthropologists seek to understand how people live in societies and how they make their lives meaningful. Anthropologists are concerned with such questions as: how societies are organised ; the relationship between values and behaviour ; why people do what they do.

5. Branches archaeology, linguistic anthropology, physical anthropology, and  sociocultural anthropology 

6. Banches /Sub-fields Archaeology Pre-historical evolutions Classics, Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, History of Art,  Trade,Economy . Biological Anthropology evolution of humans and other primates, including the study of morphology, ecology and behavior

7. Branches/Sub-fields Linguistic anthropology The relevance of language and linguistics to sociocultural description; the ethnographic study of conversation, literacy, gender, and affect; ethnoscience.

8. Differences Between Anthropology and Sociology The specialization of  anthropology  is sociocultural, linguistic, biological and archaeological. On the other hand,  sociology  studies the development, structure,  social  interactions and behaviors of human society at a specific time.

9. A social institution is an important human organization in a culture group that helps a society to survive.Sociologists have identified government, religion, education , economy and family as the five basic social institutions that are necessary for a society to survive

10. Government is the political organization of a society The purpose of government is to keep order and make group decisions. T he government keeps order by:Providing law enforcement at various levels Defends us from enemies through the armed services Provides social services like Social Security Medicare Protects the rights of the population

11. Economy The economy of a culture represents the way that resources are used to meet human needs and wants An economy is necessary because it allows people to make a living and determines how to acquire and distribute goods and services

12. Economic Models: Capitalism Laissez-faire capitalism Socialism

13. Religion Can include ideas about magic, superstition and an explanation about how the universe came about Religion is necessary to determine group values; to have a common belief system Although societies has many religions, they serve similar functions. Denominations/Sects / Religion teaches a moral code that is generally reflective of the society

14. Functions of Religion Social solidarity (cohesion) Meaning of existence Social control Moral & ethical code of behavior Emotional support Concerns of life/death Helps individuals:Adjust to social problems

15. Education Education is the institution that passes on essential cultural knowledge to members of a society Education is necessary to pass information and knowledge of the culture from one generation to the other Education Instills knowledge about the world Provides skills to become competent in the world of work Teaches the values of the way of life Offers opportunities for intellectual, social and emotional growth

16. Family Family is necessary to care for the young, to provide a kinship system for social organization The family is the basic unit of society. As such, it cares for the young physically, emotionally, socially and intellectually. It provides the basic living arrangements; it structures the kinship system; it furnishes companionship and emotional and social support for its members.

17. Family Structure Authority Patterns: Patriarchy-Male / Matriarchy-Female Egalitarian - Shared authority Descent Patterns: Patrilineal system-Descent traced on father’s side Matrilineal system-Descent traced on mother’s side