Social change under social transformation

Social transformation

1. SOCIAL
TRANSFORMATION
RAYAT COLLEGE OF LAW
STUTI PURI,16219

2. WHAT IS SOCIETY?
This term has been derived from the Latin word
‘socious’ that means association or companionship.
Thus society means ‘A larger group of individuals,
who are associative with each other’.
Maclver: It is a web of social relationships, which is
always changing.
Adam Smith: Society is an artificial device of Natural
economy.

3. SOCIAL CHANGE AND
SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION
ARE CLOSELY LINKED
TOGETHER.

4. SOCIAL
TRANSFORMATION
It is a broad concept that incorporates the meaning of evolution, progress, change, on the one hand, and
development, modernization, and revolution on the other. Its literal meaning is ‘changing form’ or
‘appearance’ or ‘character’.
The literal meaning of the concept is ‘changing form or appearance or character or alter out of recognition’.
This concept was specifically used by Karl Marx in his book ‘German Ideology’ (1846) to mean a facet of
social change that arises out of contradictions in society and leading to rapid change or revolution.
Rajni Kothari (1988) is of the view the modernization and revolution are two models of social
transformation

5. TWO MODELS OF SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION
MODERNIZATION
MARXIAN
MODEL OF
REVOLUTION

6. MODERNIZATION
Modernization is the process of changes towards those of
development in social, economic, and political systems in the
17th to 19th century in Western Europe and North America and
follows in 20th century in Eastern Europe, Latin America, Asia,
and Africa.
As pointed out by Daniel Lerner (1964) modernization is
represented by literacy, political participation, urbanization,
occupational mobility and empathy.
There are five major dimensions of modernization i.e.
technological, economic, political, social, and psychological.

8. In this model, the change is brought about by men’s
intervention.
According to the exponents of this model, the
industrial-capitalist system is afflicted by the
exploitation of man by man. It has produced
unprecedented social inequality. Despite
industrialization, application of heavy technology,
and a large scale production, man has lost his dignity
in the capitalist model or modernisation, only a
revolutionary transformation can eliminate poverty,
inequality, exploitation, unemployment and
dehumanisation.
The final goal of the Marxist-Leninist concept of the
revolutionary transformation is the building of a
classless and stateless society based on equality.
MARXIAN
MODEL OF
REVOLUTION

9. SOCIAL PROBLEMS
social problems are considered as conditions that are widespread
and have harmful consequences for society. The perception is
dependent on the norms and values in a society. In some
societies, divorce would be considered a social problem. In
others, it may not be considered.
Three things matter:
a) perception of the public,
b) social ideals and realities,
c) recognition by a significant number.
Spector and Kitsuse define social problems as activities of groups
that make protests to organizations, institutions, and agencies
against
conditions which they regard as grievable.
Merton thinks that social problems are a deviation from the
accepted social ideals and they are dysfunctional.
A social problem is caused by many factors
Social problems are interrelated
Social problems affect individuals differently
Social problems affect all people
CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS
1.
2.
3.
4.
BOOKS ON SOCIAL PROBLEM
a) Joseph J. Spengeer: The Decline of the West
b) P.A. Sorokin: The Social and Cultural Dynamics
c) Karl Mannheim: Man and Society: in an AGe of Recondstruction
d) Erich From: The Same Society
e) Pelne L. Berger and others: ‘Homeless Mind

10. inadequacies in the social system,
ineffective working of status and roles.
Merton classifies social problems in the following two categories:
i) social disorganization
The social disorganisation is manifested in the breakdown in the effective
institutional functioning, disorganisation of family, marital breakdown, poverty,
collective violence, population explosion, community disorganisation and urban
problems such as slums and inhuman living conditions.
ii) deviant behavior
The concept of deviant behaviour is used by Sociologists to include serious
crimes as well as the violation of moral codes. In every society, there is a
commonly agreed idea of normal behaviour. Whenever someone moves away
from the accepted norm and behaves differently that behaviour may be regarded
as abnormal or deviant behaviour.
The crimes, juvenile deliquencies, mental disorders, drug addition and
alcoholism are some of the examples of deviant behaviour.

11. a) awareness in a few
individuals
b) propagation of
their point of view
among the people
c) organised dissent,
protest and agitation
d) finally, building of a
movement

SOCIAL
MOVEMENT