SOCIAL-GROUP-AND-ORGANIZ.....ATIONkk.pdf

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1. ORGANIZATION ANDSOCIALGROUPS

2. S A M P L E F O O T E R T E X T
Society is full of organizations, what are the
organizations that you know?

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3. S A M P L E F O O T E R T E X T
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4. S A M P L E F O O T E R T E X T
•What organizations are you a member of?
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5. FORMAL ORGANIZATIONS
S A M P L E F O O T E R T E X T
-These are large secondary groups that follow
explicit rules and procedures to achieve specific
goals and tasks.
-It allows complex societies to accomplish their
tasks in the most efficient way possible through
rule-guided and impersonal decision making.
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6. TYPES OF FORMAL ORGANIZATIONS
S A M P L E F O O T E R T E X T
1.UTILITARIAN ORGANIZATION
-These organizations provide a material benefit or reward, such as wages or
services, to their members. Membership is often based on necessity or
personal gain.
-Examples include businesses, corporations, and government agencies.
People join these organizations to achieve financial goals or for
employment.
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7. S A M P L E F O O T E R T E X T2. NORMATIVE ORGANIZATION
-Also known as voluntary organizations, these groups are based on shared
goals or moral purposes. People join normative organizations because of a
common interest or desire to promote a cause.
-Examples include political groups, religious organizations, charities, and
advocacy groups. These organizations are often focused on community,
service, or ethical concerns.
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8. S A M P L E F O O T E R T E X T3. COERCIVE ORGANIZATION
- Membership in these organizations is usually involuntary. Coercive
organizations include institutions where individuals are confined or
regulated, such as prisons, psychiatric hospitals, and military organizations.
Members of coercive organizations are typically subject to strict rules and have
limited personal freedom.
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9. BUREAUCRACY
S A M P L E F O O T E R T E X T
•These are formal organizations with certain organizational
features designed to achieve goals in the most efficient way
possible.
•Characteristics of a bureaucracy
▪Specialization
▪Hierarchy
▪Written rules and regulations
▪Impartiality
▪Impersonality
▪Record keeping
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10. DISADVANTAGES OF BUREAUCRACY
S A M P L E F O O T E R T E X T
1.Impersonality and alienation – a dehumanization of services because of rules and
regulations
2.Red Tape or bureaucratic ritualism – the overabundance and over attention to rules
and regulations which may impede the delivery of service to clients
3.Trained incapacity – the inability of people in an organization to think creatively
and independently
4.Bureaucratic incompetence – promotion of people in certain positions for which
they are not well qualified impeding organizational efficiency and effectiveness
5.Goal displacement and self-perpetuation - people in the bureaucracy become more
concerned with their job comfort and security than with helping the organization
accomplish its objectives.
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11. IRON LAW OF OLIGARCHY
S A M P L E F O O T E R T E X T
•large organizations inevitably develop an oligarchy, or the
undemocratic rule of many people by just a few people
(Robert Michels, 1911/1949).
•this happens as leaders increasingly monopolize
knowledge because they have more access than do other
organizational members to information and technology.
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12. S A M P L E F O O T E R T E X T
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13. S A M P L E F O O T E R T E X T
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14. S A M P L E F O O T E R T E X T
SOCIAL GROUP refers to
any number of people with
similar norms, values, and
expectations who interact with
one another on a regular basis.
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15. TYPES OF
SOCIAL
GROUPS.
S A M P L E F O O T E R T E X T
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16. S A M P L E F O O T E R T E X T
PRIMARY GROUPS refer to a
small group that is
characterized by close-knit
cooperation and association
between members.
- Friendships, families
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17. S A M P L E F O O T E R T E X T
Primary groups can be very impactful
in a person's daily life. This is because
they perform an expressive function
for us.
Both the process of socialization and
the formation of roles and statuses
depend heavily on primary groups.
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18. S A M P L E F O O T E R T E X T
A 'SECONDARY GROUP', is a formal,
impersonal group with little social
connection or understanding among its
members.
They serve an instrumental function,
meaning that they tend to be goal-oriented.
Secondary groups tend to form in spaces
where people have a shared understanding,
but minimal personal interaction.
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19. S A M P L E F O O T E R T E X T
IN GROUP
Any group or category that you
believe you belong to.
In other words, it includes
everyone who is referred to as
"we" or "us."
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20. S A M P L E F O O T E R T E X T
In-groups are often marked by a
sense of importance and superiority
from those who are not a part of the
group, i.e. out-groups.
Members of in-groups feel their
behaviors, values, attitudes, etc. are
not only better than but also
unsuitable for the out-group.
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21. S A M P L E F O O T E R T E X T
OUT GROUP
Any group or category you
believe you DO NOT belong to.
In other words, it includes
everyone who is referred to as
“them“.
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22. S A M P L E F O O T E R T E X T
REFERENCE GROUP
is any group that you view as a
standard for assessing yourself
and your behavior.
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23. S A M P L E F O O T E R T E X T
SMALL GROUPS
The dyad, or two-member group, is
the most basic of all social groups or
partnerships. Adding one more
person to a dyad drastically changes
the dynamics of the small group.
The dyad expands to a triad of three
people.
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24. S A M P L E F O O T E R T E X T
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Reference group Reason
1. Leadership style
2. Spirituality
3. Lifestyle
4. Fashion
5. Academic goals
6. Romantic relationship
7. Career
ACTIVITY: MY REFERENCE GROUPS