Social group.pptx

KNOLEDGE GAIN

1. By: Gunjan Kandpal Lecturer

2. Introduction Social group is a basic social unit when two or more persons interacting with each other, interrelationships are directed towards fulfilment of certain common goals or purposes.

3. Definition 'It is system of social interaction‘ - HM Johnson Any collection of human beings who are establishing human relationships with one to another‘ - Maciver RM and Page Two or more individuals come together and influence one another - Ogburn and Nimkoff

4. Definition 'Two or more individuals who have common objects of attention, stimulating to each other, who have common loyalty and participate in similar activities‘ - ES Bogardus

5. Characteristics of Group Life 1-Reciprocal Relations. 2-Sense of unity. 3-We felling. 4-Common Interests. 5-Group Norms 6-Collection of Individuals 7-Group Size 8-Groups are Dynamic 9-Stability

6. Characteristics of Group Life Reciprocal Relations: • A gathering of persons from a social group only when they are interrelated. • Reciprocal relations is an essential feature of a group. We felling: • Members of a group help each other and defend their interests collectively. Sense of Unity: • Members of a group are united by a sense of unity and a felling of sympathy.

7. Characteristics of Group Life Common interests: • Interests and ideals of a group are common. • It is for the realization of common interests that they meet together. Group Norms: • Every group has its own rules or norms which the members are supposed to follow. Collection of Individual: • A group cannot be formed without the gathering of individuals.

8. Characteristics of Group Life Group Size: • Size of group varies from smaller to a bigger size. Groups are Dynamic: • Social groups are not static but dynamic in nature. • Group are subject to change according to changing needs and pressures from within or outside. Stability : • Most of the groups are permanent and stable in nature.

9. Classification of Groups There is an extraordinarily large number of groups and there is a great diversity among them. Groups vary in size. The number of groups in every society is countless countless ; It surpasses the number of individuals because each individual belongs to more than one group . Various sociologists have considered different bases for classifying groups.

10. Classification by Miller & PA Sorokin According to Miller and P A Sorokin, social groups are divided into two major types: Vertical and Horizontal Vertical: Vertical groups are large inclusive inclusive groups, such as Nations, Religious Organizations, Political Parties etc. Horizontal: Horizontal groups are smaller divisions such as economic classes which give the individual the status and rank in society.

11. Classification by WB Sumner and Kellerr According to WB Sumner and Keller, social groups are divided into two major types: In Group and Out Group The groups with which the individual identifies himself are his in groups for instance, his family, friends and peers etc. The groups to which the individual does not belong. For instance, other sex, others’ families, other Nations etc are Secondary Groups.

12. Classification by C.H. Cooley According to Sumner, social groups are divided into two major types: Primary and Secondary Groups The groups characterized characterized by intimate face – to-face association and cooperation are primary groups. For instance, family, friends etc. . On the contrary, secondary groups are less intimate, personal and inclusive. It involves indirect interaction. For instance, one’s work place

13. OtherClassification According to Gidden’s , social groups are divided into two major types: Public and Private According to Elwood, social groups are divided into two major types: Sanctioned and Unsanctioned According to Charles Elwoods , social groups are divided into two major types: Voluntary and Involuntary

14. Characteristics of Primary Group Physical Proximity: The members of a group share close relationship and they have intimate contact with each other. Small in size Stability in nature: Stability promotes closeness. Continuity in relationship: By meeting frequently and by exchanging thoughts, intimacy increases. Common commitments among members Maximum control over group members: Family members control over family affairs.

15. Importance of Primary Group To develop the personality The efficiency of members increases and persons of the group get help, inspiration and cooperation from one another. Satisfaction of total needs of the individuals: Primary groups help fulfilling physical, emotional, psychological, social and spiritual of the individual. Group members provide love, security, belongingness and companionship to one another. Socialization process initiates within the primary group .

16. Characteristics of Secondary Group Position of a member depends upon their role and status. Individuality develops in the persons because their relations are based on self-interest. Self-dependence among members. It is large in size. No physical closeness. Formed for some purpose purpose after attaining attaining that it may dismantle.

17. Characteristics of Secondary Group 7. Group cannot exercise control to that extent due to large size. 8 . Lacks stability and personal relationships. 9 . Has limited acquaintance and responsibility. 10 . Members play active and passive roles 11 . Possibility of development in individualism 12 . It is formed with definite objective, its function is not spontaneous

18. Importance of Secondary Groups The needs are satisfied in the group with the advance of technology and associated with social change. This group satisfies the changing needs of society and individual. Rules formed by the group, will increase increase the efficiency of the work. Delegation of the authority, coordination and planning of the activities will be implemented. Secondary groups accommodate large number of members/localities which widens the outlook of groups.

19. Conclusion Therefore we can say that a social group is any number of people who share common goals and/or beliefs. A true group exhibits some degree of social cohesion and is more than a simple collection collection or aggregate aggregate of individuals, individuals, such as people waiting at a bus stop, or people waiting in a line. Characteristics shared by members of a group may include interests, values, representations, ethnic or social background.