Social Organization_Presentation module 7.pptx

This Module 7: Discuss the Social Organization in the Philippine Setting

1. Social O rganization

2. Social group- consist of individuals who are united by their similar characteristics, and these characteristics serve as the basis of their constant interaction.

3. Social aggregate- individuals gather in the same place but are neither interacting nor sharing similar characteristics.

4. Social networks - consists of individuals who have dyadic relationships that are interacting with other relationships within a structure. - is a social structure consisting of people who have varying degrees of relations and interrelationships. Sociogram - a visual presentation of the social networks present in one group or more. - was developed by JACOB MORENO, a psychotherapist, in 19951 to understand the dynamics of the intersections of social groups ( e.g., individuals, peers ) within the structure (e.g., a school, a church, a village ).

5. Sociogram - a visual presentation of the social networks present in one group or more. - was developed by JACOB MORENO, a psychotherapist, in 19951 to understand the dynamics of the intersections of social groups ( e.g., individuals, peers ) within the structure (e.g., a school, a church, a village ).

6. One can notice multiple arrangements existing such as : A clique – an exclusive group that seperate from the entire unit. A one-way choice - an individual who relates to another individual who does not reciprocate the affiliation. An isolate – an individual who has chosen no one and is not chosen by anyone in the structure.

7. 3 TYPES OF HUMAN SOCIAL GROUPINGS 1.In-group 2.Out-group 3.Reference group

8. 3 Primary Characteristic Of An In-Group 1.Members use titles, external symbols, and dress to distinguish themselves from the out-group (Chandra, 2007). 2.Members apply positive stereotypes to their in-group and negative stereotypes to the out-group (Chandra, 2007 ). 3.Members tend to clash or complete with members of the out-group.

9. In-Group Favouritisms - the phenomenon of individuals preferring members and behaviours practiced within an in-group as opposed to those from the out-group.

10. Out-Groups - this is a group that an individual is not part of negative attributes are usually associated with individuals who are part of this group.

11. Reference group - the behaviour of an individual that can be shaped by the set of behaviour and beliefs of a group that such an individual considers as ideal.

12. 2 Effects on an individuals self-evaluation 1.Normative Effect-when an individual receives a positive self-evaluation that being an member of the reference group has. 2.Comparison Effect- a negative self evaluation that a reference group has on individuals who try to appraise their behaviour based on its prescribed norms .

13. Primary and Secondary Groups Primary Groups- are the direct resources of an individuals social skills and knowledge . Secondary Groups- are more formal in context as the relationship and interactions in them are limited to a particular role that an individual plays within the group.

14. Small Groups-this type of interaction often forms exclusivity , as experiences and ideas are strictly shared within the context of the small group. Dyad- the most cohesive and directly interacting small group Triad - a small groups of three individuals

15. Leadership and Conformity Conformity - is the behaviour of an individual that relates to following the prescribed norms of his or her group due to pressure or influence that members of the group have on him or her. Group Think- which is a united acceptance and practice of idea that is believed as a form of group loyalty.

16. 2 TYPES OF LEADERS 1.Expressive Leader 2.Instrumental Leader 1.Expressive leader-is motivated by the relationship that he or she has with the members of the group. 2.Instrumental Leaders-implement a directive style of management, wherein members of the group are directed to perform tasks that lead to the achievement of the group goal.

17. SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS Organizations-are created by individuals to foster a more direct relationship in secondary group setting. Formal Organization-when a secondary group is directed by its goals. Informal Organization-characterized by the informal relations between members. Ex. professional organization/medical practitioners-formal org. Subgroup/ camaderie among colleagues-informal org.

18. Structure- oriented formal organizations. Organizations - defined by its objectives that may be for the betterment of the society in general or to address certain group issues.

19. ORGANIZATIONAL MODELS Prominent Model Bureaucratic Organization Model Collectivist Organization Model

20. 1.Bureaucratic Organization Model -lifted from max Webber's concept of modern western society. -societies are required to create formal organizations that are bureaucratic in nature. 2.Collectivist Organization Model -responded to the issues that confronted the bureaucratic model. -based on Karl Marx's theory on the evolution of society. -predicts the demise of bureaucratic organization within a shift from a class-based to a classless society.