Social political economic issues in phil

Ppt

1. Sweet Potato

2. INTRODUCTION
Botanicalname:Ipomoeabatatus
Family:Convolvulaceae
Chromosomeno.:2n=90
Origin:SouthAmerica
Itisanimportantstarchyfoodcropthroughoutthe
tropicalandsubtropicalcountries.
PopularlyknownasSakarkandinIndia

3. AREAANDPRODUCTION
Area = 111 thousand hectare
Production = 1338 thousand tones per hectare
The leading states in terms of area and production are
Bihar, Orissa and U.P.
Sweet potato is grown in almost all the states of India
except Jammu and Kashmir.

4. USES
Eatenusuallyafterboiling,bakingandfryingandmay
becandiedwithorusedasapuree.
Tubersareutilizedforcanning,dehydratingandflour
manufacture.
Importantsourceofstarch,glucose,pectin,sugarsyrup
andindustrialalcohol.
Sweetpotatoisthecheapestsourceofcalories.
AlsocontainsappreciableamountofvitaminA,B,and
C.

5. VARIETIES
SweetpotatocultivarsgrowninIndiaaremostly
popularlocalcultivars.
Theyareusuallygroupedeitheraswhiteorredtype.
Fewcultivarsarecurrentlyusedforcommercial
productionare:
PusaSafedandPusaRed(BiharandU.P.)
RajendraSakarkand-5(Bihar)
H-268(Maharashtra)
KanhangadLocal(Kerela)
H-41,H-42,H-268andS-30(AndhraPradesh)

6. POPULARVARIETIES
Co 3,
Co CIP 1
SreeKanaka( high carotene sweet potato)
SreeNandini
SreeVardhini
Kiran
SreeBhadra
SreeRathna
Gouri
Sankar
Othersare:
OP-1,H-260,Cross-4,V-35,Kalmegh

7. Red type Sweet Potato White type Sweet Potato

8. SOIL
Thebestsoilissandyloamandclaysubsoil.
Itcanbegrowninloamytoclayloamsoilalso.
SoilshouldbewelldrainedandsoilpHvariesfrom5.2
to6.7.
Heavyclaysoilandhighlysandysoilareundesirable.

9. CLIMATE
Itrequiresmoderatelywarmweather.
Temperaturerangesbetween21.1-26.7̊C
Temperaturelessthan20̊Cwasfoundcriticalfor
tuberisation.
Requiresplentyofsunshineandmoderaterainfalli.e.75
to150cm.
Highrainfallandlongphotoperiodpromotevinegrowth
andreducestuberyield.

10. PROPAGATION
Sweetpotatoesarepropagatedfromsproutsorfromslips(vine
cuttings);sproutsarepreferred.Sproutsaregrownfromplant
stockselectedforitsappearance,freedomfromdiseaseand
off-types.
Approximately75-100kgofplantingstocksweetpotatoesare
neededtoproduceenoughsproutstoplantonehectare.
Selectedtubersareplantedataspacingof45x30cm&5-6
cmdeep.
Thesproutsarecutafter40-45daysandplantedinsecondary
nursery.Thecuttings20-30cminlengthareplantedinthis
nurseryatadistanceof60x30cm.
For1ha,primarynurseryof100m²andasecondarynurseryof
500m²arerequired.

11. SWEETPOTATOCUTTINGS

12. PlantingSeason:
June-JulyandSeptemberarehighlysuitableforplanting.
ManuresandFertilizers:
Farmyardmanure:100-150q/ha.
90:60:90kgN,P₂O₅andK₂Operha.Halfofdose
nitrogenousfertilizerisappliedasbasalandhalfdose40days
afterplanting.

13. Irrigation:
Thecriticalstageofmoisturesupplyis40daysafter
plantingandearthingup(35DAP)maybefollowedby
irrigation.
IntercultureandWeedcontrol:
Inearlystagesofcropgrowthi.e.uptotwomonthsafter
planting,weedsareaproblemtosweetpotato.Twomanual
weedingsat20and45daysafterplantingaresufficienttokeep
theweedsundercontrol.Earthingupisdoneatsecond
weedingtopreventexposureofroots(particularlyduringrainy
season)[email protected]/hainthesoilaspre-plantingto
controltheweedsiseffective.Also,applicationofchloramben
@3.0kg/haatpostplantingstagecontroltheweeds.

14. EFFECTOFGROWTH SUBSTANCES
FoliarapplicationofCCCat250,500and1000ppm
increasedtheyield.
Applicationofethephonat250ppmresultsinlarger
numberoftubersandhigheryield.
Foliarapplicationofkinetinat50and100ppmcaused
highertuberyieldof(number,freshanddryweight)

15. HARVESTING
Sweetpotatoisusuallyharvestedwhentheleavesturn
yellowbegintoshed.
Maturitycanbeascertainedbycuttingtuberandthelatex
frommaturetuberdriesupwithoutturningblack.
Thetimeofharvestingdifferswithcultivarwhichmay
extendfrom120-180days.
Avoidmechanicalinjurieswhilediggingouttubers.

16. YIELDANDSTORAGE
Yield:
Under irrigated conditions= 35-40 t/ha
Under rainfedconditions= 8-10t/ha
Storage:
Highly perishable nature of tubers of sweet potato
does not permit it to be stored for a long period in the
tropics.
Sweet potato were successfully cured at RH 80-
90% and temperature 29-40̊C for 5-7 days.

17. 
StemRotorWilt
(Fusariumoxysporumf.
batatus)

Symptoms: Leaves
becomeyellowalongwith
discolorationofvascular
bundles.Thefungus
infectstuberandcauses
circularshrunkenspots.

Management:

Useclean,healthy
plantingmaterial

Croprotation

Resistantvarieties
Diseases

18. 
Blackrot(Certocytis
fimbriata)

Symptoms:Yellowsickly
appearanceoffoliageand
blackspotontubers.

Management:

Usecleanhealthyplanting
material

Dipcuttingin0.2%
solutionofAretanor
Agallolbeforeplanting.

19. 
Cercosporaleafspot(Cercosporabataticola)

Symptoms:Darkbrownleafspotswithalightshade
atthecentre.

Management:

Threesprayingof0.25%DithaneM-45atfortnightly
intervaliseffective.

Soilrot(Streptomycesipomoea)

Symptoms:Ontubersinfectionstartsasaspotand
theskincollapsesleavingcavitieswithirregular
margins.

Management:

MaintainSoilpH(5.2orless)

20. 
Scurf (Monilochaetes
infuscans)

Symptoms:Producesblack
spotofvaryingsizesand
shapesonthetubers.

Management:

Gooddrainage

Applicationofsulphur@
300-400lb/acretoneutral
soils.

21. 
Softrot(Rhizopusnigricans)

Symptoms:Softwateryrotontuberandfleshytissue
becomessoftandwaterexudesfromaffectedskin
Tissuebecomesbrownish.

Management:

PropertemperatureandaRHof85-90%shouldbe
maintained.

22. PESTS
Sweet Potato Weevil(Cylasformicarius)

23. Management
CleanCultivation
Croprotation
Treatmentofplantingmaterialwith0.05%Monocrotophos,
sprayingattri-weeklyintervalfromonemonthafterplanting.
Otherpestsare
Stemborer
Leaffeedingcaterpillars
Leaffeedingbeetles

24. ATTACKOFSTEMBORER

25. Thank You