SOCIAL STRATIFICATION

UCSP Week 7 & 8

1. UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS Prepared by: Ms. Cherrylyn T. MAGANO, LPT.

2. REVIEW! 1. Give the 4 types of theories. 2. Developed the Theory of Natural Selection 3. Disappeared due to the rise of the water level due to the melting of glaciers.

3. JUMBLED LETTERS 1.ARTISTFICATION 2. BLIOMITY 3. WHEATL

4. LESSON 4: SOCIAL STRATIFICATION

5. SOCIAL STRATIFICATION the relative social position of persons in a given social group, category, geographical region and other social unit. It derives from the Latin strata which means level Referring to a given society’s categorization of its people into rankings of socioeconomic tiers Based on factors like wealth, income, social status, occupation, and power

6. HOW ARE PEOPLE RANKED? Income Occupation Power Privilege Manner of living Region where they live Age Gender Race

7. BASES OF SOCIAL STRATIFICATION

8. OTHER BASES OF SOCIAL STRATIFICATION

9. Origin of Stratification Hunting and Gathering Societies Horticultural, Pastoral, and Agricultural Societies Division of Labor and Job Specialization Industrialized Societies The Improvement of Working Conditions Post-Industrial Societies

10. Causes of Social Stratification Inequality Conflict Power Wealth Instability

11. Characteristics of Social Stratification Social stratification is universal Stratification is social It is ancient It is in diverse forms Social Stratification is consequential

12. Impacts of Stratification on our Life It leads to inequality regarding…… 1. Health Sector VIP Culture Different treatment quality Discriminating attitude of care providers Unequal distribution of clean water and safe environment in different zones of a city

13. 2. Education Different education systems Specific methods of teaching Out dated syllabus Language conflicts Leads to job discrimination 3. Binds Individual Actions Different political affiliations Limits our opportunities to work Limits our perceptions Stereotyping Stops one from asking questions

14. 4. Specification of Social Roles Mother bound to care for children Preferred specific professions like doctors, engineers, and bankers, etc. Father bound to be a bread winner Children are bound to respect their elders and parent 5. Societal Laws Punishment amplification Traffic rules Bank policies Discrimination in journalism

15. 6. Whom will live or die At times of flood protection of major cities In case of shortage of any basic food item In cases of protests, lower political agents actually suffer For example: Sinking of titanic  

16. FORMS OF STRATIFICATION 1. THE SLAVERY SYSTEM

17. Slavery is an extreme form of inequality in which some individuals are owned by others as their property. EXAMPLE: Societies of the ancient world were based upon slavery (Greek and Roman),as well as southern states of the USA in the 18th and 19th centuries.

18. 2. THE ESTATE SYSTEM “The estate system is synonymous with Feudalism”

19. Characteristics of Feudal Estate: In the first place they were legally defined; each estate had a status with legal rights and duties, privileges and obligations. Secondly the estates represented a broad division of labor and were regarded as having definite functions. The nobility were ordained to defend all, the clergy to pray for all and the commons to provide food for all. Thirdly the feudal estates were political groups. An assembly of estates possessed political power. Thus the three estates, clergy, nobility and commoners, functioned like three political groups.

20. 3. THE CASTE SYSTEM “A person’s location in the social strata is ascribed by birth rather than based on individual accomplishments.” The system is maintained through: Endogamous Marriages: Cultural rules requiring that people marry only within their own group. Apartheid: Laws that formalized strict racial segregation. This system of stratification is mostly prominent in India and the Hindu religion.

21. 4. THE CLASS SYSTEM The industrial revolution gave rise to a class-based system of stratification. “It is based on a combination of ascribed and achieved statuses.” Usually synonymous with socioeconomic status, which is one's social position as determined by income, wealth, occupational prestige, and educational attainment.

22. STATUS

23. MAINTAINING STRATIFICATION Stratification is influenced by ascribed statuses such as race, ethnic background, gender and age. Prejudices and discrimination based on these ascribed statuses serve to justify and maintain systems of stratification. Common and damaging forms of prejudice are found in the “isms” that exist throughout society. For example: racism, sexism, ageism. All of these “isms” take the form of a belief that one group is naturally inferior or superior, justifying unequal treatment of the group on the basis of their assumed characteristics.

24. DISCRIMINATION Discrimination, unequal treatment of people based on their group membership, also perpetuates stratification. Prejudice is an attitude; discrimination is a behavior . Although the two may, and often do, occur together, they can also exist separately.

25. INSTITUTIONAL DISCRIMINATION When discrimination becomes a part of the operation of a social institution, it perpetuates stratification patterns by systematically disadvantaging certain groups. According to Joe Feagin and Melvin Sikes, racism is still alive and well, although less overt than in the past. However institutional racism is rampant.

26. SOCIAL MOBILITY Social mobility is the movement of individuals, families, households or other categories of people within or between social strata in a society. HORIZONTAL MOBILITY If mobility involves a change in position, especially in occupation, but no change in social class happens, it is called “horizontal mobility”.

27. 3. VERTICAL MOBILITY If, however, the move involves a change in social class, it is called “vertical mobility”, and involves either “upward mobility” or “downward mobility”. TYPES OF MOBILITY Mobility can be examined by how much time it takes to occur. 1. INTRAGENERATIONAL MOBILITY

28. 2. INTERGENERATIONAL MOBILITY Intergenerational mobility is the movement that occurs from generation to generation. 3. STRUCTURAL MOBILITY Mobility that occurs as a result of changes in the occupational structure of a society is structural mobility. 4. POSITIONAL MOBILITY Positional mobility is movement that occurs due to individual effort.

29. FACTORS THAT LIMIT MOBILITY 1.Racism 2.Class 3. Poor job training 4.Little opportunity to obtain education