Social stratification systems

Its about stratification.about its details

1. Social DifferencesSocial Differences
The differences between have and have-The differences between have and have-
notes are central preoccupations of notes are central preoccupations of
sociologistssociologists
The differences are studied in terms of The differences are studied in terms of
three variables:three variables:
--InequalityInequality
-StratificationStratification
- Class - Class

2. Social Differences Social Differences
(con.)(con.)
InequalityInequality:: the condition in which people the condition in which people
don’t have equal access to social don’t have equal access to social
rewards such as money power and rewards such as money power and
prestigeprestige
StratificationStratification:: the ways in which these the ways in which these
inequalities are likely to be inequalities are likely to be passedpassed from from
one generation to the next producing one generation to the next producing
layers of layers of stratastrata of people in the society of people in the society

3. Social Differences Social Differences
(con.)(con.)
Social ClassSocial Class:: existence of social groups existence of social groups
with with unequal accessunequal access to wealth, power, to wealth, power,
and prestige, these sometimes become and prestige, these sometimes become
significant significant political groupspolitical groups on the basis of on the basis of
their position in the society their position in the society
Two features of social class: Two features of social class:
A. A. Class in itself Class in itself
B. B. Class for itselfClass for itself

4. Objectives of this Objectives of this
chapterchapter
What is the nature of relationships bw / What is the nature of relationships bw /
among different classes ?among different classes ?
How this nature of relations are identified How this nature of relations are identified
by different social classes? by different social classes?
Why and how do we follow the system as Why and how do we follow the system as
a member of a society?a member of a society?

5. Is Inequality Is Inequality
Universal ?Universal ?
Inequality exists in all societiesInequality exists in all societies
Differentiation is made based on what is Differentiation is made based on what is
valued: economic capacity, bravery, etc.valued: economic capacity, bravery, etc.
Differences in status is symbolized in Differences in status is symbolized in
different ways: body mark, uniformdifferent ways: body mark, uniform
Traits with higher value is associated Traits with higher value is associated
with higher respect/prestigewith higher respect/prestige
Inequality is resistance to rapid change Inequality is resistance to rapid change

6. System of Social System of Social
StratificationStratification
When system of inequality based on hierarchy When system of inequality based on hierarchy
of groups sociologist defined it as stratification of groups sociologist defined it as stratification
Sociologists try to pay attention how these Sociologists try to pay attention how these
social system makes some privileged position social system makes some privileged position
for one group and makes other deprived. for one group and makes other deprived.
Investigate different nature and forms of social Investigate different nature and forms of social
relationship developed by different system of relationship developed by different system of
social stratification social stratification

7. System of Social System of Social
StratificationStratification
Slavery Slavery
Castes Castes
Estate Estate
Social ClassSocial Class

8. Slavery Slavery
Extreme in nature but legalized stratification Extreme in nature but legalized stratification
system system
In this system human being are treated as In this system human being are treated as
domestic petdomestic pet
Owner of the slave (Owner of the slave (PatricianPatrician) have the right to ) have the right to
do anything by the slave (do anything by the slave (PlebianPlebian))
Mostly inherited in social practices Mostly inherited in social practices
Slave master gets the highest social position in Slave master gets the highest social position in
this stratification system comparing slave gets this stratification system comparing slave gets
the lowest the lowest

9. SlaverySlavery
Ascribed social status practicedAscribed social status practiced
Social mobility: few in practiced Social mobility: few in practiced
Name, work, property rights, social status Name, work, property rights, social status
are determined by your group identity.are determined by your group identity.
Examples: Ancient Greek and Roman Examples: Ancient Greek and Roman
civilization civilization

10. Castes Castes
Social stratification based on Religion or by Social stratification based on Religion or by
birthbirth
Different nature of stratification system is Different nature of stratification system is
practicing in South Asian societypracticing in South Asian society
Individual name, occupation, property Individual name, occupation, property
inheritance, marital status are determined by inheritance, marital status are determined by
one’s caste identityone’s caste identity
There is no or little scope for changing caste There is no or little scope for changing caste
identityidentity

11. Estates Estates
Stratification system based on agriculture Stratification system based on agriculture
mode of production mode of production
Stratification system has great linked with Stratification system has great linked with
FeudalismFeudalism
Land is the main source of classifying Land is the main source of classifying
individual social identity and prestige individual social identity and prestige
Social identity and social prestige developed Social identity and social prestige developed
on your land area. on your land area.
No or little mobility observed No or little mobility observed

12. Social classSocial class
Modern and different in form and nature Modern and different in form and nature
comparing with other stratification systemcomparing with other stratification system
Industrial society practices this type of Industrial society practices this type of
stratification system stratification system
Hierarchical position based on individual’s Hierarchical position based on individual’s
income and job status income and job status
Blue collar and white collar jobBlue collar and white collar job
One has the access to change his social One has the access to change his social
position and identity by his own attainment or position and identity by his own attainment or
achievement achievement

13. Social ClassSocial Class
Social mobility is high and society is Social mobility is high and society is
open for accepting one’s change open for accepting one’s change
Daniel Rossides class model of industrial Daniel Rossides class model of industrial
society society
Upper classUpper class 1-2 percent1-2 percent
Upper middle classUpper middle class10-15 percent10-15 percent
Lower middle classLower middle class30-35 percent 30-35 percent
Working class, and Working class, and 40-45 percent 40-45 percent
Lower classLower class 20-25 percent20-25 percent

14. Theory of Stratification: Theory of Stratification:
Karl MarxKarl Marx
Why K.Marx is evaluated as not only a social Why K.Marx is evaluated as not only a social
scientist but also a scientist but also a revolutionaryrevolutionary thinker? thinker?
Evaluated human history into diff. phases Evaluated human history into diff. phases
determined by mode of productiondetermined by mode of production
Investigated the nature of relationship between Investigated the nature of relationship between
two classes: Exploitation two classes: Exploitation
Feudal society Feudal society
capitalist societycapitalist society
Why capitalist society special for diff. Why capitalist society special for diff.
nature of exploitation?nature of exploitation?
Development of dominant ideology and Development of dominant ideology and
its relation with Proletariat cultureits relation with Proletariat culture

15. Karl MarxKarl Marx
Class consciousness: Awareness of common Class consciousness: Awareness of common
vested interestvested interest
Two types: Two types:
False class consciousness: I am being False class consciousness: I am being
exploited by my bossexploited by my boss
True class consciousness: All workers are True class consciousness: All workers are
being exploited by the bourgeoisie being exploited by the bourgeoisie
The history of all hitherto existing society is the The history of all hitherto existing society is the
history of class struggles….the proletarians history of class struggles….the proletarians
have nothing to lose but their chains. have nothing to lose but their chains.

16. Karl MarxKarl Marx
Different phases of human society: Different phases of human society:
-Primitive communismPrimitive communism
-SlaverySlavery
--FeudalismFeudalism
--CapitalismCapitalism
-SocialismSocialism
-CommunismCommunism
What are the ignored area of this view: What are the ignored area of this view:

17. Max Weber’s viewMax Weber’s view
Main focus: Class, status, powerMain focus: Class, status, power
Class: refer to people who have similar Class: refer to people who have similar
level of wealth and incomelevel of wealth and income
Status: refer to group of people who rank Status: refer to group of people who rank
the same in prestige or lifestylethe same in prestige or lifestyle
Power: ability to exercise one’s will over Power: ability to exercise one’s will over
othersothers
Our position reflected some combination Our position reflected some combination
of class, status and powerof class, status and power

18. Social mobilitySocial mobility
Refers to movement of individuals or group Refers to movement of individuals or group
from one position to another within a from one position to another within a
society’s stratification systemsociety’s stratification system
Related to social ranking or prestige Related to social ranking or prestige
ranking ranking
Open society and closed societyOpen society and closed society
Types: Types:
Horizontal mobility: change the social Horizontal mobility: change the social
position but remain the same rank position but remain the same rank
Vertical mobility: one position to another of Vertical mobility: one position to another of
a different ranka different rank

19. Social mobilitySocial mobility
Types of vertical mobilityTypes of vertical mobility
A. intragenerational mobility A. intragenerational mobility
B. intergenerational mobilityB. intergenerational mobility
C. stratum or structural mobilityC. stratum or structural mobility

20. Intragenerational mobility, also termed career mobility, refers to a change in an Intragenerational mobility, also termed career mobility, refers to a change in an
individual's social standing, especially in the workforce, such as occurs when an individual's social standing, especially in the workforce, such as occurs when an
individual works his way up the corporate ladder.individual works his way up the corporate ladder.
Intergenerational mobility refers to a change in social standing across generations, Intergenerational mobility refers to a change in social standing across generations,
such as occurs when a person from a lower class family graduates from medical
‐
such as occurs when a person from a lower class family graduates from medical
‐
school.school.