socioculturalandpoliticalevolution-170808021026.pptx

Sociocultural and Political Evolution:�The Development of Societies from the Hunting and Gathering to the Agricultural, Industrial, and Post-Industrial Stages

1. Lesson 2 Sociocultural and Political Evolution: The Development of Societies from the Hunting and Gathering to the Agricultural, Industrial, and Post-Industrial Stages

2. Gerhard Lenski - an American Sociologist argued that human society undergoes transformation and evolution and in the process develops technological advancement. “ the more technology a society has, the faster it changes ”

3. Hunting and G athering S ocieties The oldest and most basic way of economic subsistence.

4. making use of simple tools to hunt animals and gather vegetation for food depend on the family to do many things although women and men perform different tasks, most hunters and gatherers probably see the sexes as having about the same social importance (Leacock, 1978) people come close to being socially equal

5. ` large-scale cultivation using plows harnessed to animals or more powerful energy sources money as a common standard of exchange, and the old barter system was abandoned extreme social inequality, typically more than modern societies such as our own agriculture raises men to a position of social dominance religion reinforces the power of elites Horticultural and Pastoral Societies

6. Agricultural Societies and the Neolithic Revolution

7. Catal Huyuk

8. Jericho

9. Human began to farm and domesticate animals. Animal domestication provided important contributions to the Neolithic people. The development of agriculture also led to an increase in social inequality

10. the production of goods using advanced sources of energy to drive large machinery water power and then steam boilers to operate mills and factories filled with large machines change was so rapid that it sparked the birth of sociology itself weakening of close working relationships, strong family ties, and many of the traditional values, beliefs and customs Industrial Societies

11. the production of information using computer technology less and less labour force the postindustrial society is at the heart of globalization technology has improved life and brought the world's people closer but establishing peace, ensuring justice, and protecting the environment are problems that technology alone cannot solve Post-Industrial Societies

12. Characteristics: Transfer of labor workforce from manufacturing to service A significant increase in the number of professional and technical employment and a decline in the number of skilled and semiskilled workers Education as the basis of social mobility Human capital

13. Application of “intellectual technology” Focus on communication infrastructure Knowledge as source of invention and innovation

14. Political Evolution and the Development of Early Civilization

15. Four Major Civilizations Sumerian Indus Valley Shang Egyptian

16. Developed and highly advanced cities Well-defined city centers Complex and systematic institutions Organized and centralized system of government Formalized and complex form of religion Job specialization Development of Social classes Advance technology System of writing and recording

17. As a Political leader…. Craft laws Implement laws Impose justice and punishment Collect taxes Sometimes act as religious leaders as well

18. Social and Political Systems

19. Sumerian Priest

20. Brahmin

21. King Priest