Sociodemographic Assessment in Community Medicine

Community Medicine MBBS Phase-I Class

1. “ COMMUNITY ” MEDICINE Dr. Abhishek Panda, M.D. Assistant Professor Department of Community Medicine Shri Jagannath Medical College & Hospital, Puri

2. What we learnt in the last class??? What is Community Medicine? A subject in the Indian Medical Graduate Curriculum Which type of subject: Pre-Clinical / Para-Clinical / Clinical? What does it deal with? Promotion of health Prevention of disease Prolongation of life

3. What I learnt during my M.D. in Community Medicine… Community Medicine is a “ Way of Life ”… It’s an “ Art to be learnt ”, rather than a “ Science to be practised ”… The WHO Definition of Health states that “ Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely an absence of disease or infirmity. ” It encompasses all that we discussed previously and much more!!!

4. So, What are we going to learn today??? By the end of this class and subsequent field visits, I expect you all should be able to: Describe the steps and perform clinico socio-cultural and demographic assessment of the individual , family and community

5. What is a “Community”??? (WHO Expert Committee, 1974) A community is a social group determined by geographical boundaries and/or common values and interests. Its members know and interact with each other. It functions within a particular social structure and exhibits and creates certain norms, values and social institutions.

6. Why to study a Family??? The individual belongs to the broader society through his family and community.

7. What is a “Family”??? (Park’s Textbook of Preventive & Social Medicine) A group of biologically related individuals living together & eating from a common kitchen. That’s it??? There’s lot beyond…

8. FAMILY STUDY SCHEDULE Socio-Demographic Profile Environment (Internal / External) Nutrition (Dietary & Feeding Practices) Health Status Problems Identified (Medical / Social / Environmental / *KAP) Recommendations

9. SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE * Area Map * House Plan General Information Name of the Locality: Street: Household No.: * Family vs. Household : All the members of a household may not be blood relations…

10. Types of Family I. Nuclear (or Elementary) Family: A married couple & their children while they are still regarded as dependants II. Joint (or Extended) Family: A no. of married couples & their children who live together in the same household; all the men are related by blood and the women are their wives, unmarried girls or widows of the family kinsmen III. Three Generation Family: Representatives of 3 generations related to each other by direct descent live together

11. Advantages / Disadvantages of Nuclear / Joint Family Broken Family: Parents have separated, or death has occurred of one or both the parents Problem Family: Those which lag behind the rest of the community * Family Tree

12. Family Life Cycle Formation: Marriage – Birth of the 1 st Child Extension: Birth of the 1 st Child – Birth of the Last Child Complete Extension: Birth of the Last Child – 1 st Child Leaves Home Contraction: 1 st Child Leaves Home – Last Child Leaves Home Completed Contraction: Last Child Leaves Home – 1 st Spouse Dies Dissolution: 1 st Spouse Dies – Death of Last Survivor ( Extinction )

13. SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE General Information Name of the Locality: Street: Household No.: Name of the Head of the Household (HOH*): Resident Since: Type of House: Rented / Own Religion & Caste:

14. General Information of Family Members Sl. No.: Name: Relation to HOH: Age: Sex: Education*: Occupation*: Marital Status: Married / Unmarried / Separated or Deserted / Divorced / Widow or Widower * Immunization History / Addiction History

15. Education Post-graduate or Professional Degree Graduate Degree Higher Secondary Certificate High School Certificate Middle School Certificate Literate, less than Middle School Certificate Illiterate*

16. Occupation Professional Semi-Professional Arithmetic Skill Jobs Skilled Worker Semi-Skilled Worker Unskilled Worker

17. Socio-Economic Status (SES) Position that an individual or family occupies with reference to the prevailing average standards of cultural & material possessions, income and participation in group activity of the community Socio-Economic / Social Classes: I / II / III / IV / V

18. Scales of Measurement of SES Modified Kuppuswamy Scale – Urban Areas Education of HOH Occupation of HOH Monthly Family Income Modified BG Prasad Scale – Both Rural & Urban Areas Per-Capita Monthly Income* Udai Pareek Scale – Rural Areas Many other factors, viz. Caste, Land, House, Farm Power, etc.

19. That’s all for today!!! Thank You!!! As Dr. Sangeeta Das Madam said in her last class… Try to be a Life Long Learner… Because there’s never an end to learning!!!