softball
mikemiko
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Mar 11, 2008
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About This Presentation
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Slide Content
Softball a game closely
resembling baseball
that is played on a
smaller diamond and
with a ball that is
larger and softer
resembling baseball
that is played on a
smaller diamond and
with a ball that is
larger and softer
The History of Softball
In 1887 in Chicago,
United States, Yale and
Harvard alumni had
gathered at the Farragut
Boat Club in Chicago to
hear the score of the
annual football game.
United States, Yale and
Harvard alumni had
gathered at the Farragut
Boat Club in Chicago to
hear the score of the
annual football game.
When the score was
announced, one person
threw a boxing glove at
another. the basis for a
new game - softball. The
other person grabbed a
stick and swung at it.
This spur of the moment
activity formed the basis
for a new game - softball.
announced, one person
threw a boxing glove at
another. the basis for a
new game - softball. The
other person grabbed a
stick and swung at it.
This spur of the moment
activity formed the basis
for a new game - softball.
George Hancock, a reporter,
then tied a boxing glove
into the shape of a ball, and
a broom handle was used as
a bat. Hancock developed a
ball and an undersized bat
and the Farragut Club set
rules for the game, which
spread quickly.
then tied a boxing glove
into the shape of a ball, and
a broom handle was used as
a bat. Hancock developed a
ball and an undersized bat
and the Farragut Club set
rules for the game, which
spread quickly.
In 1895, outdoor games
separate from the Farragut
Club rules, were also
organized as exercise for fire-
fighters. This game was
known as kitten ball, pumpkin
ball, or diamond ball. The
sport was played
internationally and Toronto
organized the first softball
league outside the US in 1897.
separate from the Farragut
Club rules, were also
organized as exercise for fire-
fighters. This game was
known as kitten ball, pumpkin
ball, or diamond ball. The
sport was played
internationally and Toronto
organized the first softball
league outside the US in 1897.
By the mid-1990s,
softball was played in
more than 85 countries
under the auspices of
the International
Softball Federation
(ISF), the international
governing body of the
sport, founded in 1952.
softball was played in
more than 85 countries
under the auspices of
the International
Softball Federation
(ISF), the international
governing body of the
sport, founded in 1952.
The first ISF Men's World
Championship was held in
1966 in Mexico City, Mexico.
Softball hit its way to the
Asian Games in 1990 at the
11th Asian Games in Beijing,
China.
Championship was held in
1966 in Mexico City, Mexico.
Softball hit its way to the
Asian Games in 1990 at the
11th Asian Games in Beijing,
China.
1887
Date of first
game:
United States
Country of
origin:
1 - 2 hoursGame length:
9-12Players per team:
2Number of teams:
International Softball FederationGoverning body:
Date of first
game:
United States
Country of
origin:
1 - 2 hoursGame length:
9-12Players per team:
2Number of teams:
International Softball FederationGoverning body:
Types of softball
There are three general forms of softball: slow pitch, modified pitch and fast pitch.
Fast Pitch softball is a very pitcher-
oriented game. The pitcher delivers the ball
at maximum speed with little to no arc. The
pitch is very similar to that of one thrown
by a baseball pitcher, but the two differ
primarily in their throwing styles and
release points:
There are three general forms of softball: slow pitch, modified pitch and fast pitch.
Fast Pitch softball is a very pitcher-
oriented game. The pitcher delivers the ball
at maximum speed with little to no arc. The
pitch is very similar to that of one thrown
by a baseball pitcher, but the two differ
primarily in their throwing styles and
release points:
most baseball pitchers
release the ball from a point
higher than the catcher's
glove (overhand), whereas
fast pitch softball pitchers
release at a point that is
lower than or equal to the
height of the catcher's glove
(underhand).
release the ball from a point
higher than the catcher's
glove (overhand), whereas
fast pitch softball pitchers
release at a point that is
lower than or equal to the
height of the catcher's glove
(underhand).
Modified Pitch softball
strikes a balance
between fast and slow
pitch. The speed of the
pitches are limited by
not allowing the pitcher
to raise their arms above
their shoulders.
strikes a balance
between fast and slow
pitch. The speed of the
pitches are limited by
not allowing the pitcher
to raise their arms above
their shoulders.
Slow Pitch softball gives batters more
dominance by making it easier for them to
hit the ball. Men's slow pitch ball type is
very similar to that of the fast pitch ball
type.
dominance by making it easier for them to
hit the ball. Men's slow pitch ball type is
very similar to that of the fast pitch ball
type.
Equipment required in
softball includes a ball, a
bat, gloves, uniforms and
protective gear, including
helmets for the offensive
team and a helmet and
chest protector for the
defensive catcher.
softball includes a ball, a
bat, gloves, uniforms and
protective gear, including
helmets for the offensive
team and a helmet and
chest protector for the
defensive catcher.
Ball
Despite the sport's name, the ball itself is
not soft. The size of the ball varies
according to the classification of play; the
permitted circumferences in international
play are 12 in (30 cm) and 11 in (28 cm).
The ball is most often covered in white
leather in two pieces roughly the shape of a
figure 8 and sewn together with red thread.
Despite the sport's name, the ball itself is
not soft. The size of the ball varies
according to the classification of play; the
permitted circumferences in international
play are 12 in (30 cm) and 11 in (28 cm).
The ball is most often covered in white
leather in two pieces roughly the shape of a
figure 8 and sewn together with red thread.
The core of the ball may
be made of long fibre
kapok, or a mixture of
cork and rubber, or a
polyurethane mixture, or
another approved
material. In 2002, high-
visibility yellow "optic"
softballs were
introduced.
be made of long fibre
kapok, or a mixture of
cork and rubber, or a
polyurethane mixture, or
another approved
material. In 2002, high-
visibility yellow "optic"
softballs were
introduced.
Bat
The bat used by the batter
is made of metal or
composite materials. It may
be no more than 34 in (86
cm) long, 2.25 in (6 cm) in
diameter, or 38 oz (1.08
kg) in weight. Also, in fast
pitch a "drop" of no more
than 12 is allowed.
The bat used by the batter
is made of metal or
composite materials. It may
be no more than 34 in (86
cm) long, 2.25 in (6 cm) in
diameter, or 38 oz (1.08
kg) in weight. Also, in fast
pitch a "drop" of no more
than 12 is allowed.
The drop is calculated
by taking the length of
the bat in inches and
subtracting the weight
in ounces. If a person is
using a composite
softball bat it will take a
good amount of swings
before the bat can be
classified as broken in.
by taking the length of
the bat in inches and
subtracting the weight
in ounces. If a person is
using a composite
softball bat it will take a
good amount of swings
before the bat can be
classified as broken in.
Gloves
All defensive players wear fielding
gloves, made of leather or similar
material. Gloves have webbing between
the thumb and forefinger. The first
baseman and the catcher may wear
mitts; mitts are distinguished from
gloves in that they have extra padding,
and no fingers.
All defensive players wear fielding
gloves, made of leather or similar
material. Gloves have webbing between
the thumb and forefinger. The first
baseman and the catcher may wear
mitts; mitts are distinguished from
gloves in that they have extra padding,
and no fingers.
In 2007, ASA and other organizations
revised their rules regarding gloves and
mitts, allowing any player to use a
glove or mitt except for the pitcher,
revised their rules regarding gloves and
mitts, allowing any player to use a
glove or mitt except for the pitcher,
Uniform
Each team wears distinctive
uniforms. The uniform
includes a cap, a shirt, an
undershirt, tight sliding under
shorts, and shorts or pants;
these are the components for
which standards are set. Caps
must be alike and are
mandatory for male players.
Each team wears distinctive
uniforms. The uniform
includes a cap, a shirt, an
undershirt, tight sliding under
shorts, and shorts or pants;
these are the components for
which standards are set. Caps
must be alike and are
mandatory for male players.
Including for softball players, most
players use "sliding shorts" otherwise
known as compression short for other
sports like soccer, football etc. At the back
of the uniform an Arabic number from 1-
99 must be visible. Numbers like 02 and 2
are considered identical. Players' names
are optional.
players use "sliding shorts" otherwise
known as compression short for other
sports like soccer, football etc. At the back
of the uniform an Arabic number from 1-
99 must be visible. Numbers like 02 and 2
are considered identical. Players' names
are optional.
Protective equipment
All batters are required to wear batting
helmets. Batting helmets must have two ear
flaps, one on each side, and a protective
cage. In fast pitch, the catcher must wear a
protective helmet with a facemask and
throat protector. At the youth level, shin
guards are required. In slow pitch, the
catcher must wear a helmet and mask at
youth levels.
All batters are required to wear batting
helmets. Batting helmets must have two ear
flaps, one on each side, and a protective
cage. In fast pitch, the catcher must wear a
protective helmet with a facemask and
throat protector. At the youth level, shin
guards are required. In slow pitch, the
catcher must wear a helmet and mask at
youth levels.
Umpires
Decisions about play are made by
umpires. They make the decisions like a
referee in football. The number of umpires
on a given game can range from a
minimum of one to a maximum of seven.
Decisions about play are made by
umpires. They make the decisions like a
referee in football. The number of umpires
on a given game can range from a
minimum of one to a maximum of seven.
There is never more than
one "plate umpire"; there
can be up to three "base
umpires", and up to a
further three umpires
positioned in the outfield.
Most fast pitch games use
a crew of two umpires
(one plate umpire, one
base umpire).
one "plate umpire"; there
can be up to three "base
umpires", and up to a
further three umpires
positioned in the outfield.
Most fast pitch games use
a crew of two umpires
(one plate umpire, one
base umpire).
The plate umpire often uses a counter to
keep track of the game
keep track of the game
Game play
A softball game can last anywhere from 3
to 9 innings, depending on the league,
rules, and type of softball; however 7
innings is the most common. In each
inning, each team bats until three batters
have been put out . The teams take turns
batting. Officially, which team bats first is
decided by a coin toss.
A softball game can last anywhere from 3
to 9 innings, depending on the league,
rules, and type of softball; however 7
innings is the most common. In each
inning, each team bats until three batters
have been put out . The teams take turns
batting. Officially, which team bats first is
decided by a coin toss.
The most common rule is that the home
team bats second. Batting second is
advantageous. In the event of a tie, extra
innings are usually played until the tie is
broken except in certain tournaments and
championships. In all forms of softball, the
defensive team is the fielding team; the
offensive team is at bat or batting and is
trying to score runs.
team bats second. Batting second is
advantageous. In the event of a tie, extra
innings are usually played until the tie is
broken except in certain tournaments and
championships. In all forms of softball, the
defensive team is the fielding team; the
offensive team is at bat or batting and is
trying to score runs.
Pitching
The Play begins with
the umpire saying
"Play Ball". The
pitcher stands at the
pitching plate and
attempts to throw the
ball past the batter to
the catcher behind
home plate.
The Play begins with
the umpire saying
"Play Ball". The
pitcher stands at the
pitching plate and
attempts to throw the
ball past the batter to
the catcher behind
home plate.
The throw, or pitch,
must be made with an
underarm often called
"windmill" motion: the
ball must be released
below the hip when the
hand is no farther from
the hip than the elbow.
must be made with an
underarm often called
"windmill" motion: the
ball must be released
below the hip when the
hand is no farther from
the hip than the elbow.
However, speed is not always the most
important factor in fast pitch softball.
Pitchers throw balls that curve, rise or drop.
A change of pace is also very important.
These pitches may not always be thrown
for strikes, but are thrown to deceive the
batter. It is hard for a batter to swing and
hit many of these pitches
important factor in fast pitch softball.
Pitchers throw balls that curve, rise or drop.
A change of pace is also very important.
These pitches may not always be thrown
for strikes, but are thrown to deceive the
batter. It is hard for a batter to swing and
hit many of these pitches
Batting
A batter awaits the pitch. The
offensive team sends one
batter at a time to home plate
to use the bat to try to hit the
pitch forward into fair territory.
The order the players bat in,
known as the batting order,
must stay the same throughout
the game.
A batter awaits the pitch. The
offensive team sends one
batter at a time to home plate
to use the bat to try to hit the
pitch forward into fair territory.
The order the players bat in,
known as the batting order,
must stay the same throughout
the game.
The batter stands facing the pitcher inside a
batter's box. The bat is held with both
hands, over the shoulder away from the
pitcher. The ball is usually hit with a full
swinging motion in which the bat may
move through more than 360 degrees. The
batter usually steps forward with the front
foot and swings the bat.
batter's box. The bat is held with both
hands, over the shoulder away from the
pitcher. The ball is usually hit with a full
swinging motion in which the bat may
move through more than 360 degrees. The
batter usually steps forward with the front
foot and swings the bat.
Once the ball is hit into fair territory the
runner must try to advance to first base or
beyond. While running to first base, the
batter is a batter-runner. When she safely
reached first she becomes a base-runner or
runner.
runner must try to advance to first base or
beyond. While running to first base, the
batter is a batter-runner. When she safely
reached first she becomes a base-runner or
runner.
If four balls are called,
then it is a base on
balls. The batter gets to
advance to first
without liability to be
put out. If there is a
runner on first that
runner also advances
one base without
liability to be put out.
then it is a base on
balls. The batter gets to
advance to first
without liability to be
put out. If there is a
runner on first that
runner also advances
one base without
liability to be put out.
A batted ball hit high in the air is a fly
ball. A batted ball driven in the air
through the infield at a height at which an
infielder could play it if in the right
position is a line drive. A batted ball
which hits the ground within the diamond
is a ground ball. If a batted ball hits a
player or a base it is considered to have
hit the ground.
ball. A batted ball driven in the air
through the infield at a height at which an
infielder could play it if in the right
position is a line drive. A batted ball
which hits the ground within the diamond
is a ground ball. If a batted ball hits a
player or a base it is considered to have
hit the ground.
Getting the batter out
The batter is out if: three strikes are called;
a ball hit by the batter is caught before
touching the ground; the batter is touched
by the ball or by a glove holding the ball
while the batter is away from a base; a
fielder holding the ball touches a base
which is the only base towards which the
batter may run before the batter arrives
there (a force out or force play); or in
certain special circumstances.
The batter is out if: three strikes are called;
a ball hit by the batter is caught before
touching the ground; the batter is touched
by the ball or by a glove holding the ball
while the batter is away from a base; a
fielder holding the ball touches a base
which is the only base towards which the
batter may run before the batter arrives
there (a force out or force play); or in
certain special circumstances.
The most common type of force play is
made at first base. A batter that drives a
ball forward into fair territory must run to
first base. If the ball is thrown to first base
(that is, to a fielder standing on first base
and is holding the ball) before the batter
can reach it, the batter is out. A double
play is when two runners are put out
during a single continuous action; a triple
play is when three runners are put out.
made at first base. A batter that drives a
ball forward into fair territory must run to
first base. If the ball is thrown to first base
(that is, to a fielder standing on first base
and is holding the ball) before the batter
can reach it, the batter is out. A double
play is when two runners are put out
during a single continuous action; a triple
play is when three runners are put out.
Advancing around the bases
If the player hits the ball and advances to a
base without a fielding error or an out
being recorded, then that
is called a base hit.
The bases must be
reached in order
counterclockwise,
starting with first
base.
If the player hits the ball and advances to a
base without a fielding error or an out
being recorded, then that
is called a base hit.
The bases must be
reached in order
counterclockwise,
starting with first
base.
After hitting the ball the batter may
advance as many bases as possible. An
advance to first base on the one hit is a
single, to second
base is a double,
to third base is a
triple, and to home
plate is a home run.
advance as many bases as possible. An
advance to first base on the one hit is a
single, to second
base is a double,
to third base is a
triple, and to home
plate is a home run.
Scoring runs
A run is scored when
a player has touched
all four bases in
order, proceeding
counterclockwise
around them.
A run is scored when
a player has touched
all four bases in
order, proceeding
counterclockwise
around them.
They need not be touched on the same play;
a batter may remain safely on a base while
play proceeds and attempt to advance on a
later play.
a batter may remain safely on a base while
play proceeds and attempt to advance on a
later play.
A run is not scored if the last out occurs
during the same play that the runner
crosses home plate. For instance, if a
runner is on third base prior to a hit,
and they cross home plate
before or after an out is
made, either on the batter
or another runner, the run
is not counted.
during the same play that the runner
crosses home plate. For instance, if a
runner is on third base prior to a hit,
and they cross home plate
before or after an out is
made, either on the batter
or another runner, the run
is not counted.
Ending the game
The team with the most runs after seven
innings wins the game. The last (bottom)
half of the seventh inning or any remaining
part of the seventh inning is not played if
the team batting second is leading.
The team with the most runs after seven
innings wins the game. The last (bottom)
half of the seventh inning or any remaining
part of the seventh inning is not played if
the team batting second is leading.
If the game is tied, play usually continues
until a decision is reached, by using the
international tie-breaker rule. Starting in
the top of the eighth inning, the batting
team starts with a
base-runner on
second base, which
is the player who
made the third out
in the previous
inning.
until a decision is reached, by using the
international tie-breaker rule. Starting in
the top of the eighth inning, the batting
team starts with a
base-runner on
second base, which
is the player who
made the third out
in the previous
inning.
In games where
one team leads by
a large margin, the
mercy rule may
come into play in
order to avoid
embarrassing
weaker teams.
one team leads by
a large margin, the
mercy rule may
come into play in
order to avoid
embarrassing
weaker teams.
In fast pitch and modified
pitch, a margin of 20 runs
after three innings, 15
after four, or 10 after five
is sufficient for a win to
be declared for the
leading team. In slow
pitch, the margin is 20
runs after four innings or
15 after five innings.
pitch, a margin of 20 runs
after three innings, 15
after four, or 10 after five
is sufficient for a win to
be declared for the
leading team. In slow
pitch, the margin is 20
runs after four innings or
15 after five innings.
Popularity and participation
Softball is the most popular participant
sport in the United States. An estimated 40
million Americans will play at least one
game of softball during a year. It is played
by both genders socially as well as
competitively.
Softball is the most popular participant
sport in the United States. An estimated 40
million Americans will play at least one
game of softball during a year. It is played
by both genders socially as well as
competitively.
Table of Comparison
7 innings7 innings
9 innings
(7 in the
high
school
level)
Length
of
Game
Slow pitch
Softball
Fast pitch
Softball
Baseball
Rule or
Term
7 innings7 innings
9 innings
(7 in the
high
school
level)
Length
of
Game
Slow pitch
Softball
Fast pitch
Softball
Baseball
Rule or
Term
no longer
than 34
inches
no longer
than 34
inches
no
longer
than 42
inches
Bat
often same
as fastpitch
softball,
12 or 11
inches in
circumference
9 inches
circumfe
rence
Ball
Equipment
than 34
inches
no longer
than 34
inches
no
longer
than 42
inches
Bat
often same
as fastpitch
softball,
12 or 11
inches in
circumference
9 inches
circumfe
rence
Ball
Equipment
Allowed.
Runner reaches
safety base in
foul territory,
fielders make
play at regular
1st base
Yes, all
levels
under
ISF and
ASA
No
Double
first base
Typically 60 feet
or 65 feet
60 feet
(18 m)
90 feet
(27 m)
Baselines
Field
Runner reaches
safety base in
foul territory,
fielders make
play at regular
1st base
Yes, all
levels
under
ISF and
ASA
No
Double
first base
Typically 60 feet
or 65 feet
60 feet
(18 m)
90 feet
(27 m)
Baselines
Field
Constant
distance
from
home
plate
Constant
distance
from
home
plate)
Variable
distance from
home plate is
mandatory in
professional
and university
leagues and
optional in
youth leagues.
Outfield
fence
distance
from
home
plate
Constant
distance
from
home
plate)
Variable
distance from
home plate is
mandatory in
professional
and university
leagues and
optional in
youth leagues.
Outfield
fence
No
No, but 8 foot
circle marked
around pitcher's
plate
Yes
Pitcher'
s
mound
46 feet
(14 m)
Varies by level:
40 feet women's
high school and
amateur or 46
feet (14 m) (men)
60 feet,
6
inches
Pitching
distance
No, but 8 foot
circle marked
around pitcher's
plate
Yes
Pitcher'
s
mound
46 feet
(14 m)
Varies by level:
40 feet women's
high school and
amateur or 46
feet (14 m) (men)
60 feet,
6
inches
Pitching
distance
Extra
player may
bat in
addition to
all
defensive
players
Designate
d player
may bat in
place of a
defensive
player
Designate
d hitter
may bat in
place of a
defensive
player
Extra
player
tenninenine
Defensive
players
Players
player may
bat in
addition to
all
defensive
players
Designate
d player
may bat in
place of a
defensive
player
Designate
d hitter
may bat in
place of a
defensive
player
Extra
player
tenninenine
Defensive
players
Players
a batter is
allowed one
foul ball with
two strikes
Batter is
not out
unless
bunting.
Batter is
not out
unless
bunting.
Foul ball
with two
strikes
Not allowed;
batter is out if
contact made.
AllowedAllowedBunting
Batter
allowed one
foul ball with
two strikes
Batter is
not out
unless
bunting.
Batter is
not out
unless
bunting.
Foul ball
with two
strikes
Not allowed;
batter is out if
contact made.
AllowedAllowedBunting
Batter
Generally
not
allowed.
Allowed
once the
ball leaves
the pitcher's
hand
Allowed at
any time
the ball is
live
Base
stealing
Runner
Not
awarded
first base.
Awarded
first base
Awarded
first base
Hit by
pitch
not
allowed.
Allowed
once the
ball leaves
the pitcher's
hand
Allowed at
any time
the ball is
live
Base
stealing
Runner
Not
awarded
first base.
Awarded
first base
Awarded
first base
Hit by
pitch
If the batter
does not
swing, the
pitch is
automaticall
y a ball.
The ball
remains live.
If the batter
reaches base
and all
runners
advance, no
penalty;
No change
made to
the count
on the
batter and
all runners
on base
advance.
Illegal
pitch
UnderhandUnderhand
Usually
overhand
Delivery
Pitching
does not
swing, the
pitch is
automaticall
y a ball.
The ball
remains live.
If the batter
reaches base
and all
runners
advance, no
penalty;
No change
made to
the count
on the
batter and
all runners
on base
advance.
Illegal
pitch
UnderhandUnderhand
Usually
overhand
Delivery
Pitching
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