SOIL CHEMISTRY-1.pptx soil chemistry power point

Soil ppt

1. TOPIC: IMPORT AND EXPORT OF PAKISTAN IN AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY SUBMITTED TO:ASAD AZIZ SAHIB SUBMITTED BY: MEHWASH ANSAR (19011508-002) M. Hamza ( 19011508-010)

2. CONTENTS IMPORT AND EXPORT PROPERTIES OF SOIL IN PAKISTAN AGRICULTURE IN PAKISTAN IMPORT AND EXPORT OF PAKISTAN IN AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS

3. IMPORT AND EXPORT Imports  are the goods and services that are purchased from the rest of the world by a country's residents, rather than buying domestically produced items . Exports  are goods and services that are produced domestically, but then sold to customers residing in other countries.

4. PROPERTIES OF SOIL IN PAKISTAN Total area of Pakistan is 79.61 million ha out of which 20.61 million ha are cultivated 3.16 million ha are under forests and 11.10 million ha are not available for cultivation. About 5.13 million ha in Pakistan are salt effected soils, of which 80% salt effected soils are in Punjab. Soils of Pakistan are mostly saline sodic and constitute 56% of salt effected area.

5. PROPERTIES OF SOIL IN PAKISTAN Soil and water as the basic natural resources are essential for crop production and soil is a non-renewable source upon which the mankind depends for his survival . Soils vary greatly in their capacity to grow crops without fertilizers, even the richest soils experience declining yields without man’s intervention.

6. PROPERTIES OF SOIL IN PAKISTAN The soils of Pakistan are characteristically low in organic matter.  Farm Yard Manure (FYM) is very useful to improve the physical condition of soils and offset nutritional problems of the plants and if it is used continuously, it helps in lowering soil pH, increase in organic matter, Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) and exchangeable cations.

7. AGRICULTURE IN PAKISTAN Agriculture is considered the backbone of Pakistan's economy, which relies heavily on its major crops . Pakistan's principal natural resources are arable land and water . In  Pakistan the most agricultural province is Punjab where wheat and cotton are the most grown.

8. AGRICULTURE IN PAKISTAN Mango orchards are mostly found in Sindh and Punjab provinces that make Pakistan the world's 4th largest producer of mangoes . The most important crops are wheat, sugarcane, cotton and rice which together account for more than 75% of the value of total crop output .

9. AGRICULTURE IN PAKISTAN Pakistan's largest food crop is wheat. As of 2018, Pakistan wheat output reached 26.3 million tons. Pakistan is a net food exporter, except in occasional years when its harvest is adversely affected by droughts.  The economic importance of agriculture has declined since independence, when its share of GDP was around 53%.

10. AGRICULTURE IN PAKISTAN There are two principal growing seasons: the Kharif season starts between April and June and ends between October and December, while the Rabi season starts between October and December and ends during April or May. Grains constitute the most important food crops, with wheat, rice, corn, and citrus the major products. Cotton, the most important cash crop, generates more foreign trade income than any other export item .

11. IMPORT AND EXPORT IN PAKISTAN Agriculture is the major sector of Pakistan economy and accounts for 26% of gross domestic product (GDP). Pakistan's 70% foreign exchange earnings come from the trade of agricultural products, and it has encouraged demand for the establishment of raw materials, equipment and services to agro-based industries.

12. IMPORT AND EXPORT IN PAKISTAN Agriculture sector is also the major source of employment and accounts for over 50% of Pakistan's labor force. Pakistan’s present and previous Government has introduced an assortment of incentives to enable farmers to boost production and increase output by allowing foreign direct investment in the agricultural sector.

13. IMPORT AND EXPORT IN PAKISTAN In the foreign trade, agriculture dominates through exports of raw commodities like rice; semi processed and processed products like cotton yarn, raw cotton, cotton cloth fruits and vegetables, dry fruits and carpets. The earnings from export of rice and cotton alone amounted to 8% of the total exports. Pakistan agricultural commodities imports contribute substantially to total Pakistan imports.

14. AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS Some major imports are wheat and wheat flour, vegetable oils, pulses, tea, edible oil, grains and (occasionally) refined sugar. Vegetable oils, together with wheat and flour, have constituted as much as 80 percent of agricultural imports in some years.

15. WHEAT Wheat is an important food crop of P akistan which is the most favorite food of the majority population. According to the agriculture experts, loamy, clayey soil is very useful for the better production of wheat. Pakistan’s growing population is seeing an increased demand for wheat.

16. WHEAT Pakistan’s 2020-21 marketing year wheat production is expected to decrease to 25.2 million tons due to the impact of untimely rain at harvesting . Pakistan’s wheat production has not increased at a rate to suffice local demand shifting the country from a wheat exporter to a wheat importer.  Pakistan import wheat from R ussia.

17. EDIBLE OIL Pakistan imports edible oil mostly from America, Sri Lanka and Malaysia. According to the economic survey of P akistan 2013-14 P akistan spent approximately 1608 million dollars on import of edible oil.   Pakistan imports 75% of total edible oil. From w hich 94% of Palm Oil and the remaining are coconut oil, olive oil etc .

18. TEA Tea is consumed in large quantities in P akistan. Pakistan imports tea at least 38 different countries, with Sri Lanka, Kenya, India, Rwanda , Bangladesh Burundi and Tanzania . A lot of foreign exchange is spent on this. In 2013-14 Pakistan imported tea worth approximately 247 million dollars.

19. PULSES Major pulse imported was Desi Chickpeas mainly from Australia and some quantities from Ethiopia and Burma. From October 2016 till October 2017 about 420,000 tons Desi Chickpeas arrived Karachi ports. In Pakistan due to dry weather and not enough rain, Desi chickpeas crop was expected to be low on yields.

20. AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS Pakistan major exports consisting rice, sugarcane, cotton fibre, tobacco, rapeseed, mustard, mangoes, oranges, seafood, vegetables, processed food items and salt. Other major agricultural exports include molasses, fruits and vegetables, guar and guar products. Other crops include millet, barley, sesame, groundnuts and citrus fruits etc.

21. RICE Rice is an important crop of Pakistan. Favorable conditions for its harvesting are hot and humid climate, Continuous rainfall, fertile and soft soil and level land. Pakistan produces excellent qualities of rice. Trading of rice with foreign countries under the supervision of a government organization called Rice Trading Corporation.

22. RICE This organization buys rice from private companies and factories and exports to countries like Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Abu D habi, Iraq, Iran, Brazil, Libya, Sri Lanka, Singapore, Indonesia, Britain, Canada, Germany and America.

23. COTTON Different types of cotton is cultivated on P akistan. Pakistan export the following cotton and its products. Cotton Raw Cotton cloth Cotton yarn

24. COTTON Pakistan’s raw cotton is of excellent quality and very fine. It is in great demand in foreign countries. Pakistan mostly exports raw cotton to Canada, America, Japan, Hong Kong, Britain, Italy, France, Poland, Germany and Belgium.

25. DRY FRUITS, FRUIT AND VEGETABLE Pakistan exports dry fruits to Italy, Britain, America, Arab countries, Sri Lanka, Singapore and Malaysia. Fruits and fresh vegetable are exported to Iran, Germany, Middle East and some countries of Europe. Pickles, sherbets, chutneys, marmalade and jams etc. prepared in Pakistan are exported to Arab countries.

26. ORANGES The best quality fresh oranges (kinnows) in P akistan a fruit that country exported 370,000 metric tons of during 2018 and generated 222 million dollars from it. Pakistan exports oranges to Russia, Philippines, Iran, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Singapore, Saudi Arabia, Canada, Bangladesh, Malaysia and UAE.

27. TOBACCO Tobacco crop in Pakistan is not only saving the country from a huge amount on import substitution but they add to national treasury pretty valuable returns by their export also. Pakistan exports tobacco to Korea, Malaysia, Indonesia, Netherlands, U.A.E, Saudi Arabia, Germany, Kazakhstan, Myanmar, UK and Kuwait etc.

28. SALT Pakistan has exported around 647,978 Metric Ton rock salt which is known in the world due to its best quality and generated high income. Himalayan salt is an important source of income and employment in Pakistan . Khewra the Himalayan salt, which came into being millions of years ago and is today a popular commercial item in the world.

29. SALT It gets extracted from the salt mine in Pakistan's Khewra region, some 300 kilometers to the south of the Himalaya mountains. Unique Minerals Himalayan Salt exporters from Pakistan has been exporting its products to many countries around the globe including USA, Japan, Vietnam, China and India.