Soil pollution seminar 1

1. Soil pollution 19/11/2013 1

2. Index Sr. no Particulars Slide no 1 Acknowledgement 3 2 Definition of soil pollution 4 3 Causes of soil pollution 5-11 4 Effects of soil pollution 12-21 5 Solutions for soil pollution 22-29 6 Bibliography 30 19/11/2013 2

3. acknowledgement We would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my teacher Indu Mam who gave us the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project on the topic Soil Pollution which also helped us in doing a lot of Research and we came to know about so many new things. 19/11/2013 3

4. Soil pollution Soil pollution is defined as the change in physical, chemical and biological conditions of the soil through man’s intervention resulting in the degradation in quality and productivity of the soil. 19/11/2013 4

5. Causes of soil pollution Deforestation :  It is the removal of a forest or stand of trees where the land is thereafter converted to a non-forest use . Deforestation also loosens the soil and hence leads to soil erosion , Land that is once converted into a dry or barren land, can never be made fertile again. Hence deforestation is one of the major reason to soil pollution. Deforestation 19/11/2013 5

6. Causes of soil pollution cont. Agricultural activities :  With growing human population, demand for food has increased considerably. Farmers often use highly toxic fertilizers and pesticides to get rid off insects, fungi and bacteria from their crops. However with the overuse of these chemicals, they result in contamination and poisoning of soil. Pesticides being sprayed 19/11/2013 6

7. Causes of soil pollution cont. Unskilled irrigation : Water logging may occur when the drainage system of the agricultural field is not maintained scientifically. Water logging closes the passage of air to the soil, stops the growth of soil organisms and makes the soil barren. Water logging 19/11/2013 7

8. Causes of soil pollution cont. Overcrowded landfills:  Each household produces tones of garbage each year. Garbage like aluminum, plastic, paper, cloth, wood is collected and sent to the local recycling unit. Items that can not be recycled become a part of the landfills and hence pollute the soil. Overcrowded landfills 19/11/2013 8

9. Causes of soil pollution cont. Mining Activities : Mining is also a source of land pollution. Huge holes are dug in mining, and these holes form can pose a hazard to us as they form deep mining pools. Metals like cadmium and lead will be deposited, which are toxic, contaminating the soil. This will leave the mining land barren and unable to use again . Mining activities 19/11/2013 9

10. Causes of soil pollution cont. Shifting cultivation: In it, the forest is burnt to use the land for cultivation, until the soil loses it’s fertility. Once the land becomes inadequate for crop production, it is left barren and hence it leads to soil erosion. This method is mostly used by tribes. example of Shifting cultivation 19/11/2013 10

11. Causes of soil pollution cont. Acid rain : Soil is also affected by acid rain as it converts the neutralized soil to acidic one. Hence making it barren and unproductive. effects of acid rain on soil. 19/11/2013 11

12. Effects of soil pollution Soil erosion : soil erosion leads to loss of top cover of the soil and hence leads to loss of fertile land for agriculture, forest cover, fodder patches for grazing etc. Soil erosion 19/11/2013 12

13. Effects of soil pollution cont. Change in climate patterns:  The effects of soil pollution are very hazardous and can lead to the loss of ecosystems. When land is polluted, it directly or indirectly affects the climate patterns. Contamination of underground and surface drinking water. 19/11/2013 13

14. Effects of soil pollution cont. Environmental Impact:  When deforestation is committed, the tree cover is compromised on. This leads to a steep imbalance in the rain cycle. A disturbed rain cycle affects a lot of factors. To begin with, the green cover is reduced. Trees and plants help balance the atmosphere, without them we are subjected to various concerns like Global warming, the green house effect, irregular rainfall and flash floods among other imbalances . Leads to Inadequate rain fall , global warming , greenhouse effects etc. Deforestation 19/11/2013 14

15. Effects of soil pollution cont. Effect on human health :  The land when contaminated with toxic chemicals and pesticides lead to problem of skin cancer and human respiratory system. The toxic chemicals can reach our body through foods and vegetables that we eat as they are grown in polluted soil. Contaminated soil leads to : Skin cancer Respiratory Diseases 19/11/2013 15

16. Effects of soil pollution cont. Cause Air pollution :  Landfills across the city keep on growing due to increase in waste and are later burned which leads to air pollution. They become home for rodents, mice etc which in turn transmit diseases. Leads to Burning the garbage Air Pollution 19/11/2013 16

17. Effects of soil pollution cont. Distraction for Tourist:  The city looses its attraction as tourist destination as landfills do not look good when you move around the city. It leads to loss of revenue for the state government. Landfills Detroit The beauty of city. And hence city looses its tourist attraction and revenue too. 19/11/2013 17

18. Effects of soil pollution cont. Effect on wildlife :  The animal kingdom has suffered mostly in the past decades. They face a serious threat with regards to loss of habitat and natural environment. The constant human activity on land, is leaving it polluted; forcing these species to move further away and adapt to new regions or die trying to adjust. Several species are pushed to the verge of extinction, due to no homeland. Animals on verge of extinction Animals are forced to leave their home and are mostly killed by vehicles 19/11/2013 18

19. Effects of soil pollution cont. Global Warming : soil pollution also leads to global warming as the one of the main cause of soil erosion is deforestation and due that there is a imbalance in the ratio of oxygen and carbon dioxide . Hence there is a rise in temperature leading to Global Warming. 19/11/2013 19

20. Effects of soil pollution cont. Biomagnification : The discharge of chemicals on land, makes it dangerous for the ecosystem too. These chemicals are consumed by the animals and plants and thereby make their way in the ecosystem. This process is called bio magnification and is a serious threat to the ecology. 19/11/2013 20

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22. Solutions For Soil Pollution Make people aware about the concept of Reduce, Recycle and Reuse 19/11/2013 22

23. Solutions For Soil Pollution cont . Reduce the use of pesticides and fertilizers in agricultural activities. say “No” to use of pesticides . 19/11/2013 23

24. Solutions For Soil Pollution cont. Use biofertilizers and natural pesticides Shift to biofertilizers 19/11/2013 24

25. Solutions For Soil Pollution cont. People should be encouraged to go for afforestation . 19/11/2013 25

26. Solutions For Soil Pollution cont. Proper treatment of liquid wastes from industries and mines must be done. liquid waste treatment of plant 19/11/2013 26

27. Solutions For Soil Pollution cont. As plastics are non-degradable so, We should stop using plastic bags and switch over to paper and cloth bags. Switch to 19/11/2013 27

28. Solutions For Soil Pollution cont. . Ensure that you do not litter on the ground and do proper disposal of garbage. 19/11/2013 28

29. Solutions For Soil Pollution cont. Create dumping ground away from residential areas. Faulty sanitation practices must be improved. Polluted soil can be treated by bioremediation. It uses microorganisms (yeast, fungi or bacteria) to breakdown, or degrades hazardous substances into less toxic or non­toxic substances (such as CO 2  and H 2 O   19/11/2013 29

30. Bibliography 19/11/2013 30

31. We walk and survive on land. It is literally the base of our ecosystem. It is in our good interest to take care of it and nurture it . Thank You …! 19/11/2013 31 Made by : Bhaumik Patel Shewta Das Jagjit Singh Bhamra Pranav Sharma. [commerce S.Y.J.c]