Solanaceae taxonomy

Solanaceae, the nightshade, or potato, family of flowering plants (order Solanales), with 102 genera and nearly 2,500 species, many of considerable economic importance as food and drug plants. Among the most important of those are potato (Solanum tuberosum); eggplant (S. melongena); tomato

2. Plant Taxonomy
M.Sc Botany

Topic: Deatil account of Family Solanaceae

Sarfraz Ahmed
Govt. Post Graduate College Chishtian

3. Solanaceae:
Black Nightshade family

4. Classification

Kingdom: Plantae

Class: Magnoliopsida

Subclass: Asteridae

Order: Solanales

Family: Solanaceae

5. General Information

Genera: About 85

Species: Over 2200

Distribution:
Temperate and Tropical;
In Pakistan, this family is
represented by 21 genera
and 70 species.

Greatest diversity found
in Central and South
America.

6. Habit:

Annual small
Herbs

7. Roots:
Tap root is fibrous
or Branched
Stem:
Aerial
Erect
Ridge
Herbaceous
Woody
Cylindrical
Branched
Tuber.
Glaucous

8. Leaves:
Cauline

Ramal

Alternate

Simple

Exstipulate

Often hairy

Unicostate

Reticulate

9. Inflorescences:

Cymose

Axillary cyme
Umbellate cyme

11. FLOWER

12. Flowers:
Bractiate,

Hypogynous

Ebractiate,

Pedicellate,

Pentamerous,

Complete,

Actinomorphic

Bisexual

13. Calyx
Sepals 5 Green

Gamosepalous

Campanulate

Inferior

Hairy

14. Corola

Petals 5,

Gamopetalous

Funnel shaped

Rotate

Inferior

Usually plicate

15. Androecium

Stamens 5,

Polyandrous

Epipetalous

Oblong

inferior

Basifixed

16. Gynoecium
Ovary superior

Bicarpellary

Syncarpous

Ovary bilocular

Obliquely based

Placentation Axial

Stigma Capitate

17. Fruit:
A berry or septicidal capsule.
In Lycopersicon esculentum, & Solanum
Melongena the fruit is a berry.

In species of Datura and Petunia, the fruit is
a capsule.

18. Floral Formula
Floral Diagram
( )

20. ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE

1.Food plants

1- Tubers of Solanum tuberosum (potato) are used as common vegetable
throughout the world.
2- Tender fruits of Solanum melongena (brinjal) and ripened fruits of
Lycopersicum esculentum (tomato) are used as delicious vegetables.

21. ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE



2. Medicinal plants

1- Roots of Atropa belladona yield powerful alkaloid ‘atropine’. It is used for
relieving muscular pain.
2- Leaves and flowers of Datura stramonium are the sources of drug
‘stramonium’ used to treat asthma and whooping cough. Leaves, flowers,
3- berries of Solanum trilobatum are used to treat cough.
4- Roots and leaves of Withania somnifera are used to treat nervous disorder
and are diuretic apart from useful tonic.

22. 3. Tobacco

1- Leaves of Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) contain alkaloids
nicotine, nornicotine and anabasine.
2- Nicotine is considered to be the principal alkaloid in
commercial tobaccos such as cigarette,(Bedi) and hukkahas
well as chewing and snuffing.
3- It is also used as sedative, antispasmodic and insecticide.

4. Ornamental plants

1- Cestrum diurnum (day jasmine), Cestrumno cturnum
(night jasmine) Petunia hybrid (pink flower) are grown in
gardens for their beautiful flowers.

23. Common Species:

Botanical Name. Common Name.

Solanum nigrum (Mako)

Withania somnifera (Asgand)

Solanum tubersom (Potato)

Cestrum nocturnum (Raat ki Rani)

Lycopersicum asculentus (Tomato)

Nicotiana tabacum (Tobacco)

Capsicum frutescence (Red Paper)

Datura stramoniu (Datura)

Solanum melangena (Brinjal)