SOLAR STILL

CHE ENGG.

1. SOLAR STILL Presented By :- Divyanshu Prakash Yadav Roll No. :- CSJMA14001390235 B.Tech (Chemical Engg .) CSJM University Kanpur Submitted To :- Dr. Brishti Mitra HOD of Chemical Engg . CSJM University Kanpur 3/27/2018 1

2. ABSTRACT Introduction. History of Solar Still. Solar water distillation technology. Solar Still. Quantity of distilled water. Efficiency. Advantage and disadvantage. A published journal . Conclusion. References. 3/27/2018 2

3. INTRODUCTION There are many coastle places where seawater is sufficient but drinking water is not available. ' WHO ' states that almost 1 billion people are drinking impure water and 2 million people die every year due to unsafe water . To solve this problem u s e ' SOLAR STILLS ' b a s e d o n ' SOLAR DISTILLATION PROCESS ' . 3/27/2018 3 3

4. HISTORY OF SOLAR STILL First solar still was built by Carlos Wilson in 1872 in Chile. First time mass production of 2,00,000 plastic stills by U.S. navy during second world war. 3/27/2018 4

5. SOLAR WATER DISTILLTION TECHNOLGY This technology were built over 2000 years ago. This is used where there is no local source of fresh water. This process is mimic of the natural process of rain formation. 3/27/2018 5

6. CONTINUE… It is described in two steps:- (1)- Evaporation . (2)- Condensatio n . This process removes water from contaminant salts, heavy metals, sand and microbiological organisms. 3/27/2018 6

7. SOLAR STILL WHAT’S IT- It is a device, use for purification of salty water. It is based on ‘solar water distillation’ principle. It is cost-effective for small scale production. 3/27/2018 7

8. HOW IT IS WORK The brackish water poured into the still partially . The solar radiation to pass into the still, mostly absorbed by blackened base. 3/27/2018 8

9. CONTINUE.. The water begins to heat up and ‘evaporation’ starts. The base also radiates energy which reflected back into the still by the glass cover, like ‘greenhouse’ effect. Condensation w o r k i n g . Still will continue produce distillate after sunset until water temperature cools down. 3/27/2018 9

10. TYPE OF SOLAR STILL Exe- Single Slope, Double slope still and single and multi based still Passive Solar Stills Active Solar Stills Two Type Exe- Solar Heater , Novel Waste Heat. 3/27/2018 10

11. QUANTITY OF STILL WATER PRODUTION Solar still production is function of solar energy and ambient temperature. Productivity of solar still depends on climatic parameters. Formula: - Me = Qe / L Me= Daily distilled water output(kg/m2 day) Qe = Amount of energy utilized in vaporizing water in still (j/m2 day) L = Latent heat of vaporization of water (j/kg) 3/27/2018 11

12. ANOTHER METHOD:- An empirical relation given by Schumacher Center For Technology UK. Q = A × E × G / 2.3 Where ; A= Aperture area of the still ; 1 meter square E= Efficiency of the still ; usually taken as 50% G= Global radiation energy ;18MJ/m2 Q=1 × 0.5 × 18.0 / 2.3 = 3.91 Daily output = 3.91 liters/meter square/day. 3/27/2018 12

13. EFFICIENCY It is the amount of energy utilized in vaporizing water in the still(J/m2/day) over the amount of incident solar energy on the still(J/m2/day). n = Q e /Q t All commercial stills sold have had an efficiency range of 30% to 45%. Maximum efficiency is just over 60%. Solar still productivity can also increase by use of mirror by 3%. 3/27/2018 13

14. HOW TO INCREASE EFFICIENCY High feed ( undistilled ) water temperature. Large temperature difference b/n feed water and condensing surface. Reducing heat conduction through basin walls vapour leakage. Use of mirror. Insulation. Black liner . 3/27/2018 14

15. ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTA- GES ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Low production capacity. Solar distillers can’t kill harmful bacteria because it do not boil the water. Leakage of vapour through joints. Sun energy is free of charge. Cost effectiveness since there is no moving part so low maintenace cost. Provide good quality water for personal and industrial use . 3/27/2018 15

16. A RESERCH PAPER ON SINGLE SOLAR STILL OBJECTIVE : - To find the potential , water depth of a solar still basin. DESIGN OF STILL:- We designed three similar size solar still basin. This the schematic diagram. 3/27/2018 16

17. CONTINUE… First solar still M1(modle1) Second still M2 Third still M3 We add 3 liter brackish water in M1. 6 liter of water in M2. 9 liter of water in M3. Fabrication of these still in fig. 3/27/2018 17

18. MEASUREMENTS Table(1)- Ambient temperature, distilled water, solar radiation as a function of time. Data taken on 14-11-2010 from 6 am to 5 pm. 3/27/2018 18

19. CONTINUE …. Ambient Temperature variation:- Solar radiation variation:- 3/27/2018 19

20. CONTINUE… Distilled water at location:- Accumulated quantity of distilled water in three model :- 3/27/2018 20

21. RESULTS Daily output of three tested Solar Still Basins. M1 distilled more water. Lesser the amount of water placed in still basin (water depth) then higher will be the efficiency of solar still. Efficiency : - M1 > M2 > M3 ( NOTE - Data from research paper of Salem and Ghassa at Damascus University) 3/27/2018 21

22. CONCLUSION It gives most economical method to get potable drinking water at small scale. st The water that is made in these stills is of a better quality than bottled water. Solar still device may uses in emergency situations life hurricane or If water & electricity supply stopped, this may save our life. It produces most pure water similar to rainy water. 3/27/2018 22

23. REFERENCES https ://www.hindawi.com/ http://www.solaqua.com/ https:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_ still https:// archive.org http://www.appropedia.org Manual on solar distillation of saline water by Talbert, Eibling . https://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=29104 3/27/2018 23

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