solid dosage forms (pharmaceutical capsules).pptx

ppt

1. Solid Dosage Forms (Capsules) By Dr. Muhannad Al Rabaty MS.c pharmaceutics Course name: Pharmaceutics 1 st semester-3 rd theoretical lecture 1

2. C o n tent s Definition Advantages and disadvantages Types of capsules Methods of filling the hard gelatin capsules Method of filling of soft gelatin capsules Different between hard gelatin and soft gelatin capsules Evaluation of capules 2

3. Description Capsules are a solid dosage form in which the drug substance is enclosed in a water soluble shell or an envelope. A capsule shell is made from gelatin. The capsules are available both as hard capsule and soft capsule. 3

4. Advantages of capsules Masking the bitter taste by enclosing medicaments in tasteless shell. They are smooth, become very slippery when moist and can be easily swallowed. Minimal amount of excipients and little compression are required during formulation thus its cost effective. They are easy to handle and carry. They are attractive in appearance. 4

5. Disadvantages of capsules The hygroscopic drugs cannot be filled in capsules. They absorb water present in the capsule shell and hence make it very brittle, which ultimately breaks into pieces. Special conditions are required for storage. 5

6. Types of Capsules Capsules are available in two types : Hard gelatin capsules Soft gelatin capsules 6

7. 1. Hard Gelatin Capsules T h es e a r e u s e d f or a d m i n i st rat io n o f so l i d medicaments. T h e cap su l e s h e l l i s p r e p are d f r o m g e l a t i n , It consists of two parts i.e . body and cap . T h e p owdered m ater i a l i s f i l le d i nt o t he c y l i n d r i cal body of the capsule and then the cap is placed over it. The empty capsules are available in various sizes. T h e y ar e nu m bered accor di ng t o t h e capac it y of t he capsules. 7

8. NATURE OF CAPSULE SHELL

9. Capsule sizes

10. Capsule number Approximate capacity in mg 000 950 00 650 450 1 300 2 250 3 200 4 150 5 100 10

11. Preparation of filled hard gelatin capsules In large scale or small preparations of filled hard gelatin capsules divided into the following general steps: Developing and preparing formulation. Filling the capsule shell Capsule sealing Cleaning and polishing the filled capsules .

12. 1. Developing and preparing formulation. Filling the capsule shell Diluents and fillers Disintegrants Gligants and lubricants Wetting agents

13. 2. Capsule filling Hand Operated methods . When filling a small number of capsules in the pharmacy, the pharmacist may use the punch method . Pharmacists who prepare capsules on a regular or extensive basis may use a hand operated filling machine. Semi Automatic Capsules Devices. Automatic filling machine.

14. 2. Soft Gelatin Capsules These are used for administration of liquid medicaments. Soft gelatin capsules are available in round, oval and tube like shapes . Soft Gelatin capsules are one piece, hermetically sealed, soft gelatin shells containing a liquid, a suspension, or a semisolid . Soft gelatin is mainly composed of gelatin, plasticizers, preservative, colouring and opacifying agents, flavoring agents and sugars They may be single colored or two toned 14

15. Advantages of soft gels They permit liquid medications to become easily portable . Uniformity of dosage because they contain liquid which is more uniform than powder. The disintegration and dissolution rates are faster than that of other solid dosage forms. The bioavailability of drugs is often improved since these capsules contain the drug in liquid form .

16. Difference between Hard Gelatin and Soft Gelatin Capsules Sl. No. Hard gelatin capsules Soft gelatin capsules 01 The hard gelatin capsule shell consists of two parts: (a) Body; (b) Cap. The soft gelatin capsule shell becomes a single unit after sealing the two halves of the capsules. 02 They are cylindrical in shape . They are available in round, oval and tube like shapes. 03 The contents of a hard gelatin capsule usually consists of the medicaments or mixture of medicaments in the form of powder, beads or granules. The contents of soft gelatin capsules usually consists of liquids or solids dissolved or dispersed in suitable excipients to give a paste-like consistency. 4 Capsules are sealed after they are filled to ensure that the medicaments may not come out of the capsule due to rough handling. Filling and sealing of soft gelatin capsules are done in a combined operation on machines. 16

17. Evaluation of Capsules T h e f ol l o w i n g t e s ts sh o uld be c a r r i e d out for evaluation of the capsules: Uniformity of weight Content of the active ingredients in the capsules Disintegration test Dissolution test Stability tests Leaking test 17

18. THANK YOU 20