SOLID WASTE MANGEMENT

Waste management or waste disposal are all the activities and actions required to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal.[1] This includes amongst other things collection, transport, treatment and disposal of waste together with monitoring and regulation. It also encompasses the legal and regulatory framework that relates to waste management encompassing guidance on recycling.

Waste can take any form that is solid, liquid, or gas and each have different methods of disposal and management. Waste management normally deals with all types of waste whether it was created in forms that are industrial, biological, household, and special cases where it may pose a threat to human health.[2] It is produced due to human activity such as when factories extract and process raw materials.[3] Waste management is intended to reduce adverse effects of waste on health, the environment or aesthetics.

Waste management practices are not uniform among countries (developed and developing nations); regions (urban and rural areas), and sectors (residential and industrial).[4]

A large portion of waste management practices deal with municipal solid waste (MSW) which is waste that is created by household, industrial, and commercial activity.[5]

1. Mekapati Rajamohan reddy Institute of technology & science Technical seminar ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PRESENTED BY G.CHAITANYA 4 th Year ROLL NO :14L41A0114

2. Contents: Introduction Classification of solid waste Engineered systems for solid waste management Methods for solid waste management Management of solid waste Factors affecting solid waste management Conclusion

3. INTRODUCTION: SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT : Solid waste management is the process of the collection, transportation and disposal of the solid waste in a systematic, economic and hygienic manner.

4. 2. Classification of solid waste: Solid waste are classified as: Based on their sources of origin: Residential wastes Commercial wastes Institutional wastes Municipal wastes Industrial wastes Agricultural wastes Based on their physical nature: Garbage Ashes Combustible and non-combustible Demolition and construction wastes hazardous wastes

5. 3. Engineered system for solid waste management :

6. 4 . Methods for the treatment of the solid waste: With different types waste, different treatment methods are applied this treatment process has been applied : Open dumps Land fills Anaerobic digestion Composting Vermicomposting Encapsulation Incineration

7. Open dumps: Land fills: land fill my also refer to the ground that has been filled with soil and rocks instead of waste materials so it can be used for a specific purpose such has for building houses. Compostin g:

8. Different stages of composting: segregation of solid waste processing the compostable matter Preparation for compost digestion curing screening

9. Anaerobic digestion : Anaerobic digestion is a regulated version of the natural events of the natural events of land fill, in that it results in the controlled.

10. The digestion process: The digestion process involves 4- steps: Hydrolysis Acidogenesis Acetogenesis Methanogenesis

11. Vermicomposting: It is the simple biotechnological processes of composting. in with certain species of earth warms are used to enhance the process of the waste conversion and produce a better product with end . vermicomposting differs from the several composting in several ways Utilizing microorganism's (earth warms that are active at 10-32 c) the process is faster than composting (because the material passes through the earth warms gut, a significant but not yet fully understood transformation takes place, where by the resulting earthworms casting (warm manure) are rich in microbial activity and plants growth regulators).

12. Vermicomposting process:

13. Vermicomposting process

14. Encapsulation: Solid particulates waste material is coated with a thermosetting resin which is compressed and cured to from a rigid core. The rigid core is coated with a flexible thermoplastic resin to provide a sealed encapsulated waste agglomerate which can withstand moderate compressive loads. Encapsulation methods are of types: Micro encapsulation Macro encapsulation Incineration : Incineration is the most common thermal treatment process. It is burning of the waste at temperature of 1000 +or – 100 c in the presence of oxygen so has to eliminate all odour and to ensure good combustion.

15. 5.Management of solid waste: The fundamental objective of waste processing is to reduce the amount of waste through recycling and disposal of waste in a way not to impair environmental conservation. Four R’s should be followed for waste management: Refuse Reuse Recycle Reduce

16. The management of solid waste is done according to it’s nature: Management of medical solid waste Management of non degradable solid waste Management of hazards waste Management of non-hazards and biodegradable solid waste Management of E-waste

17. Management of medical solid waste: Hospital waste is generated during the diagnosis, treatment, or immunization of human beings and animals or in research actives in these felids or in the production or testing of biological. medical solid waste include both non-hazardous and hazardous waste constituents. Hazardous Non-hazardous Treatment option: Incineration Sanitary land fill

18. ii. Management of non-degradable solid waste: Examples of the non degradable solid waste Ferrous and non-ferrous materials: eg: Iron ,steel and aluminium Glass Plastic Textile treatment options: Recycling Incineration Sanitary land fill

19. iii. Management of hazardous waste: Fallowing process applied in hazardous waste treatment: Physical separation Gravity separation Dissolved air flotation Solvent extraction Sorption and activated carbon Treatment option: Thermal treatment : incineration Biological treatment

20. iv. Management of non-hazardous and biodegradable solid waste: Non hazardous solid waste is total waste including municipal waste, industrial waste, agricultural waste and sewage sludge. Fallowing methods are fallowed by management of non-hazardous and biodegradable solid waste: Open dumps Land fills Anaerobic digestion composting Verimocomposting

21. v. Management of E-waste: electronic waste is concern largely due to the toxicity and carcinogenicity of some of the substances in electronic waste include lead, mercury and cadmium. Carcinogenic substances in electronic waste may include polychlorinated biphenyls . a typical computer may contain more than 6% lead by weight. Capacitors, transformer, PVC insulated wires of polychlorinated biphenyls

22. Treatment options: E-waste consist of Diverse items like ferrous and non ferrous metals, glass, plastic electronic components and other items. The potential treatment options based on this compositions are given below: Encapsulation Incineration Sanitary landfills

23. Reuse the electronic waste in the form of a stool: Designer Rodrigo Alonso created N+ew Seats to address this –stools that are formed of a whole lot of electronic junk. This was covered back in 2007. The idea behind N+EW isn't the creation of a recyclable object but the way to immortalize and to give a last to objects that their only disintegration is contamination. E-waste furniture

24. 6. Factors affecting of solid waste management: There are certain factors that affect the management of solid waste management there : Per capita income and status Climate and percentage moisture Systematic growth of city Status of the municipality Resources available

25. 7. conclusion: Solid waste management is the process of solid waste in such a manner that it does not cause any problem to environment and the living organism as well. It is done through different methods as per the category of the solid waste.

26. THANK YOU

27. ANY QUERIES ?