Sorghum Disease by Annisa Rakhma Sari and Azalea Dya Ramadhanti

its a ppt about sorghum disease

1. Sorghum disease Annisa Rakhma Sari (14922) Azalea Dya Ramadhanti (14923)

2. NEMATODE In the soil, the average increase in the mean numbers of plant-parasitic nematodes was about one and a half times between three and eleven weeks after planting and about fourfold between three weeks after planting and harvest. In the roots, the mean numbers of plant-parasitic nematodes were as high three weeks after planting as at harvest.

3. Reniform nematode Rotylenchus spp . The reniform nematode attacks over 140 species of more than 115 plant genera in 46 families ( Jatala , 1991).  It causing crop stunting Sorghum considered as a host MS host ( Moderately Susceptible: nematode reproduction somewhat reduced ) MR host: sweet sorghum ( Moderately Resistant: nematode reproduction considerably reduced )

4. Linford and Oliviera established the genus Rotylenchulus in 1940 with R. reniformis as the type species. The generic name was given by Linford and Oliviera because they thought that the nematode species was similar to the genus Rotylenchus , having features of that genus and other Hoplolaimidae. The species name was coined because of the kidney shape of the mature female.

5. Rotylenchus spp. Plant Resistance A few reports of plant resistance have been documented in Gossypium spp. (controlled by 2 or more pair of genes) and tomato in Egypt and India (Oteifa and Osman, 1974 ). The following plants have been reported as showing immunity or resistance to the reniform nematode: barley, hot pepper, barnyard grass, sweet pepper, sweet sorghum , pangola grass, spinach, mustard, sugarcane and oats (Armstrong and Jensen, 1978; Bridge, 1983; Inserra et al., 1983). http:// nemaplex.ucdavis.edu/Taxadata/G116s2.aspx#Damage : (nggak kepake)

6. ROOT-KNOT One of the nematode that attacking sorghum is causing a root knot. Walter Peraza Padilla, National University of Costa Rica, Bugwood.org

7. A Root- Knot? What is it? Root knot is a disease of cultivated plants caused by eelworm infestation, resulting in galls on the roots.

8. Meloidogyne incognita or Meloidogyne javanica It causing the root gall in sorghum root (Babatola and Idowu, 1990). It has wide range of host. (Vijayalaxmi, Vanita and Bhanothu, 2017)

9. Symptomps Plants with root-knot nematode infections : show poor growth; they are typically stunted with yellowing leaves, and wilt easily. Root systems show characteristic knots or galls, which prevent the uptake of water and nutrients. Where infection is especially severe the roots rot and the plants die early. Plants with root-knot nematodes are more susceptible to invasion by disease-causing fungi and bacteria, especially bacterial wilt.

10. How to Manage? BIOLOGICAL CONTROL The bacterium, Pasteuria penetrans, has been long recognised as a potential biocontrol agent for root-know nematodes. Unfortunately, it cannot be grown outside its host. Another biocontrol agent, the fungus Paecilomyces lilanicus, is available as a commercial product, often sold in combination with a second fungus, Trichoderma viride, which attacks soil-borne pathogens. CULTURAL CONTROL (before planting, during growth, and after harvesting).

11. Large part on the capacity of the infective larva to penetrate the root tip and to migrate intracellularly towards the vascular cylinder affected the success of parasitism (Vijayalaxmi, Vanita and Bhanothu, 2017) There are alot of cultivars that susceptible with this nematodes i.e. SSV9, SSV10, KSV11, KSV12, KSV15 (Babatola and Idowu, 1990) and also Masakwa (Jada et al., 2017). On the other hand, there is a local cultivar, called Ilorin that showed some resistance to this nematodes (Babatola and Idowu, 1990). Cultivars

12. VIRUS Viruses can also attacking sorghum and causing some disease. One of them is JGMV The main difference between viruses and other pathogens is that viruses do not actively penetrate plant tissue. Viruses must be transmitted (vectored) to the plant, usually by aphids and leafhoppers.

13. What is JGMV? is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Potyviridae and known as pathogen of the major grain crop maize.

14. Johnsongrass mosaic virus Figure 1. Sorghum leaf expressing mosaic symptom due to JGMV infection Sorghum contributes as another host for this virus JGMV also attacking maize and causing maize lethal necrosis So, basically this virus infects monocotyledonous plant species i.e. sorghum, maize and also some cultivars of sugarcane