South america resources

South America's resources, agricultural activities, minerals and industries, transport, population etc are summarized in the presentation.

1. geography

2. A PRESENTATION ON SOUTH AMERICA - RESOURCES THE REDEEMER

3. contents RESOURCES AGRICULTURE MINERALS INDUSTRIES TRANSPORT POPULATION MAJOR COUNTRIES

4. resources Anything that is useful to mankind, is termed as resource. Source of economic development and income are the resources for a continent or a country or state. South America has a variety of resources, i.e. - Forest Resources Water R esources

5. Forest resources S outh A merica enjoys a variety of vegetation with a number of economically useful trees. Lumbering is an important activity in South America, much of the wood is used for construction activities.

6. Forest resources Some trees and their uses are as follows – Quebracho Tree – provides Tannin which is used in leather industries. Balsa Trees – used to make model airplanes. Yerba Mate – a kind of tea. Carnauba Palm – provides wax which is used in furniture polish and shoe polish, candles, lipsticks etc.

7. Forest resources Coniferous Tree – Its softwood is used in making paper and pulp for the printing industry. Cinchona Tree – provides raw material for making quinine which is used as a medicine. Chicle Tree – Chewing Gum is made by its Juice. Rubber Trees are also found in South America.

8. Forest resources

9. Water resources South America has vast source of water but they have not been fully harnessed. I n South America, the water is used for many purposes i.e. – hydroelectric power generation, irrigation, fishing and navigation etc. Brazil leads in hydroelectric power generation followed by Argentina, Paraguay and Venezuela.

10. Water resources Amazon river carries vast quantity of water but as its flow is gradual without any sharp or steep valley except for some part in Andes, it has not been used much for Hydroelectric Power generation. However, some small rivers descending from the Andes and Brazilian Highlands have been used for this purpose . Amazon River

11. AGRICULTURE Most of the land of the continent is covered by mountains, deserts, dense forests etc. Only 10 percent of the land is available for Agricultuaral activities The crops, cultivated in South America, can be categorized as – Food Crops – Wheat, Maize, Rice. Cash Crops – Coffee, Cocoa, Sugarcane, Cotton, Bananas.

12. AGRICULTURE

13. AGRICULTURE Some other activities are – Cattle Rearing – It is one of the most important activities of the continent. Cattles are reared mainly for beaf . The large cattle farms in Argentina are known as Estancias. Sheep Rearing – Sheep are reared mainly for meat and wool. The main sheep rearing areas are Argentina, eastern slopes of Andes mountains and parts of Chile. Argentina is the fourth largest producer of wool in the world. Fisheries – Almost all South American Countries are involved in the fishing industry. Peru is the largest producer of fish in the world.

14. MINERALS South America has large deposits of many minerals. Iron ore – Brazil is the second largest producer of iron ore in the world. Copper – Chile is one of the world’s leading copper mining countries. Tin – Brazil and Bolivia are among the largest producers of tin in the world. Bauxite – Guyana, Suriname and Brazil are the important producer of Bauxite. Most of it is exported to USA and Canada.

15. MINERALS Nitrates – Nitrates are found in the Atacama Desert. Chile is the largest producer of nitrates in the world. Mineral Oil – There are rich reserves of mineral oil in Venezuela and in the islands of Trinidad and Tobago. Other oil producing countries are Argentina, Chile, Peru, Colombia and Brazil. South America has also reserves of gold, silver, zinc, lead, sulphur etc. but poor in coal reserves as only Colombia has some coal deposits.

16. MINERALS

17. INDUSTRIES Brazil and Argentina are the leading industrial nations in South America. Argentina leads in - Meat Packing, L eather Processing. Brazil exports Coffee and Sugar.

18. INDUSTRIES With the discovery of Oil, Venezuela, Chile, Peru have developed oil refineries and petro-chemical industries. Other countries of the continent are industrially not so developed and export raw materials like minerals, meat, fish, dairy product etc .

19. TRANSPORT Though large part of South America have extensive forests, swamps, barren plateaus and high mountains, the continent does not have a well developed system of modern transport. Roads – Brazil, Bolivia, Chile and Argentina are linked together by roads. The road network is more developed in the eastern coastal towns of Brazil and Argentina. Roads are limited in the region of the Andes mountains in the west due to hostile terrain. The Pan-American Highway system connects South America to North America.

20. TRANSPORT Airways – Airways supplement the shortage of road transport in the continent. All major cities are linked to each other by air transport. Some smaller cities have airports too. Railways – Argentina, Chile and Brazil have developed railways. Seaways – A number of seaports lie on the east, west and northern parts of the continent. Important seaports are listed here – North – Caracas, Belem East – Natal, Recife, Salvador, Rio de Janeiro, Montevideo, Bahia Blanca South – Punta Arenas West – Valparaiso, Callao

21. POPULATION Total population – 387 million (2011) with an average density of 21.4 persons per square km distributed unevenly in 12 countries. Major Racial groups – Red Indians, Europeans and Africans. Some Other groups developed over time by intermingling of the major racial groups – Mestizos (Red Indian + European) Mulattos (European + African) Zambos (African + Red Indian) Cholos (Mestizo + Red Indian)

22. POPULATION Major Languages – Spanish, Portuguese. South American people do not have racial discrimination and share common customs and traditions. Densely populated areas are – Eastern coastal region, North-Western coastal region. Large area including Amazon forests, Patagonia and Atacama deserts, is uninhabited.

23. POPULATION Popular Languages

24. Major COUNTRIES S.A COUNTRY CAPITAL MAJOR CITIES Argentina Buenos Aires Rosario, Mendoza Bolivia Sucre and La Paz Santa Cruz, El Alto Brazil Brasilia Rio de Janeiro, Salvador Chile Santiago Santiago Metropolis Colombia Bogota Medellin, Cali Paraguay Asuncion Alberdi , Edelira Uruguay Montevideo Salto, Artigas Venezuela Caracas Isla Raton, Maroa Peru Lima Ica, Huaraz Guyana Georgetown Anna Regina, Linden