Span of management

Graicunas theory of Span of Management, Factors Affecting the Span of Management

1. 1 Span of Management

2. Objectives 2 At the end of the chapter you will be able to Have knowledge about span of management and its meaning Understand he factors affecting span of management Learn about Graicunas theory of span of management

3. Introduction 3 Span of management can also named as Span of control, span of authority, span of responsibility or span of supervision A sound organization depends upon the effective performance of work by executives

4. Meaning Span of management means the number of people managed efficiently by a single officer in an organization It implies that a single executive should not be expected to give guidance to move people The limit of number of members for span of control may be increased or decreased according to the levels of management 4

5. Meaning The number of employees reporting to a supervisor. Traditional view, seven or so per manager. Many organizations today, 30 or more per manager. Generally if supervisors must be closely involved with employees span should be small. 5

6. Factors Affecting the Span of Management 6 Character of supervision work The span of control may be increased whenever the work is performed and standardized Leadership Qualities The personal ability and capacity of a supervisor can influence the span of management

7. Factors Affecting the Span of Management 7 Qualities of subordinate If the subordinates have enough talent to perform the work assigned to them, the manager can control more number of subordinates Time available to supervisor Most of the executives spend a lot of time for operating the work and administrative duties, hence they can control lesser number of subordinates hat the person who spends full time for their supervision

8. Factors Affecting the Span of Management 8 Nature of work In case of the repetitive natured work or the work the does not require extra ordinary talent, the supervisor can control a large number of subordinates Level of supervision The degree of span of control can be increased at the bottom level management and decreased at top level management

9. Factors Affecting the Span of Management 9 Delegation of authority If the authority delegates the powers of decision making, planning and execution to the subordinates, the span of control may be increased Fixation of responsibility The subordinate need not contact the supervisor if his responsibilities are clearly defined.

10. Factors Affecting the Span of Management 10 Using of standards Standards are used in an organization to detect the errors or faults in the performance of work Methods of communication One of the factors determining the span of control is Methods of Communication which is divided in to two Oral and Written

11. Graicunas theory of Span of Management 11 A management expert V. M. Graicunas contributed much to the span of management His theory identified the relationship prevailing between the superior and subordinate, which are classified in to three groups Direct single relationship Direct group relationship Cross relationship

12. Direct Single Relationship In this type of relationship the superior has the direct relationship with his subordinate This relationship is explained with the chart below Supervisor A B C Subordinates 12

13. Direct Group Relationship In this type of relationship the superior has the direct relationship with his subordinates jointly This relationship is explained with the chart below Supervisor A Consultation Consultation B C Subordinates 13 Attendance

14. Cross Relationship In this type of relationship a subordinate has relationship with another subordinates mutually This relationship is explained with the chart below Supervisor A Relationship B C Subordinates 14

15. Formula V.A. Graicunas prescribed the following formula to ascertain the number of superiors’ and subordinates’ relationship Number of relationships = n(2n/2+n-1) where ‘n’ is the number of subordinates

16. Summary Span of management means the number of people managed efficiently by a single officer in an organization The factors affecting the span of management include character of the supervision work, leadership qualities etc

17. End of Chapter 10 Span of Management 17