Span of management Meaning, Graicuna's theory or types of span, Factors affecting span of management of management

span of management means number of people managed efficiently by a single officer in an organization. If the officer is talented he will be provided with more personnel.

1. Span of management Span of management means number of people managed efficiently by a single officer in an organisation .

2. GRAICUNA’S THEORY or TYPES of span of management Direct single relationship Direct group relationship Cross relationship

3. 1. Direct single relationship The supervisor has direct relationship with his subordinates individually A B C supervisor subordinates

4. 2. Direct group relationship The supervisor has direct relationship with his subordinates jointly A B C Consultation Subordinates Consultation Supervisor

5. 3. CROSS relationship The subordinates has relationship with another subordinate mutually . A B C Subordinates Supervisor

6. FACTORS AFFECTING THE SPAN OF MANAGEMENT 1 . Nature of supervision work If the work performed is standardised the span of control may be increased. If the work performed is complicated the span of control has to be restricted . 2. Leadership quality If the supervisor is more skilled the span of management can be improved.

7. 3. Qualities of subordinates If the subordinates is more talented the manager can supervise more number of subordinates. 4. T ime availability If the supervisor spends more time in planning and organising they can supervise the subordinates in the remaining time allowed to them.

8. 5 . Level of supervision If the subordinates perform the work manually span of control may be increased at the bottom level. 6 . Delegation of authority If the authority is delagated i.e planning and execution the span of control may be increased .

9. 7. Fixation of responsibility If the responsibility of the subordinates is clearly defined there is no need for the subordinate to get guidance from the supervisor. 8. Methods of communication Oral communication requires more time and energy this can be avoided in written communication.