Sperm-Capacitation-An-Overview-reseach.pptx

sperm-capacitation-an-overview

1. HEMCHAND YADAV UNIVERSITY KALYAN P.G. COLLEGE BHILAI NAGAR GUIDED BY – MRS. NUSRAT KHAN (Assistant Professor Department of Zoology) Session-2024 TOPIC – Capacitation PRESENTED BY- NIKITA MERAWI M.Sc. 2 nd SEM ZOOLOGY DEPARTMENT

2. Synopsis Introduction Definition Capacitation Components Stages of Sperm Capacitation Mechanism of Capacitation Original Models of Capacitation Factors Influencing Capacitation Implications for Fertility Conclusion Reference

3. Introduction After leaving the testis, mammalian spermatozoa are morphologically differentiated but have acquired neither progressive motility nor the ability to fertilize a metaphase II arrested egg. During epididymal transit, sperm acquire the ability to move progressively; but they are still fertilization incompetent. Fertilization is the process of fusion of male and female sex cells(gametes). It is the process which occurs after pollination

4. Definition Sperm capacitation is the maturation process that sperm cells undergo within the female reproductive tract. This transformation enhances the sperm's ability to recognize, bind to, and penetrate the egg, making it a critical step for successful fertilization and subsequent embryo development.

5. Capacitation It is a process that allows the acrosome reaction to occur, So the sperm can penetrate the zona pellucida of the oocyte. The physiological changes that confer on the sperm the ability to fertilize are called Capacitation.

6. Int.Cont. Fertilization capacity is gained after residence in the female tract for a finite time. Capacitation is also correlated with changes in sperm motility patterns, designated as sperm hyperactivation. Capacitation causes head changes (acrosome reaction) and tail changes (motility changes).

7. Capacitation consists of at least two components: 1- An initial membrane alteration, that allows spermatozoa to undergo the second phase, which is the fusion of plasma membrane with outer acrosomal membrane. The first phase is referred to as capacitation. The second phase is referred to as acrosome reaction(AR).

8. Stages of Sperm Capacitation 1 Shedding of Proteins Sperm cells shed certain proteins and glycoproteins from their surface, preparing them for interaction with the egg. 2 Membrane Modifications The sperm cell membrane undergoes structural and functional changes, including alterations in lipid composition and ion permeability. 3 Hyperactivation Sperm cells exhibit a distinct pattern of hyperactive motility, which enhances their ability to penetrate the egg's protective layers.

9. Epididymal Capacitated Female Tract + Ejaculated Seminal Plasma + Decapacitation Factors Original Models of Capacitation

10. Sperm tail changes after capacitation

11. Molecular Mechanisms The capacitation process is driven by complex molecular mechanisms, including signaling cascades, ion flux, and enzyme activation. These intricate pathways regulate the structural and functional changes that occur within the sperm cell, ultimately priming it for successful fertilization. Capacitation and contact. Penetration of sperm into ovum. Reaction of egg with sperm. Behaviour of sperm within the ovum.

12. Factors Influencing Capacitation Biochemical Factors Specific ions, enzymes, and molecules present in the female reproductive tract can either promote or inhibit the capacitation process. Environmental Factors Environmental conditions, such as temperature, pH, and oxygen levels, can also influence the rate and efficiency of sperm capacitation. Physiological Factors The overall health and developmental status of the sperm cell can impact its ability to undergo successful capacitation.

13. Implications for Fertility Sperm capacitation is a critical step in the fertilization process. Disruptions or abnormalities in this process can lead to male infertility, highlighting the importance of understanding and studying the underlying mechanisms involved.

14. Conclusion Capacitation regulates the ability of sperm reach the site of fertilization and to interact with eggs. As such, the underlying mechanisms are central to an understanding of mammalian fertilization. Reference Developmental Biology by “ Shastry ” “Shukla”