SPERMOSPHERE SOIL AND AGRICULTURAL MICROBIOLOGY

SPERMOSPHERE

2. • INTRODUCTION
• IMPORTANCE
•FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE OF SPERMOSPHERE
•PROTECTION OF SEED
•REFERENCE
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3. •In plant science the spermosphere is the zone surrounding a seed when soil,
microorganisms and seed germinating intact.
•The zone is a small area typically 1-10mm from the seed but varying until sees type the
variety of soil miccroganisms the level of soil moisture and other factors.
INTRODUCTION

4. •with the spermosphere,a range of complex interactions take place among the
spermating speed the soil and the microbe.
•Below germination is a brief process,the spermosphere is transient but the impact of the
spermosphere can havestrong and long lasting effects on the developing plant .
•.The spermosphere can even have impacts on managing stress during germination as
seen with bacillus strains and peanut plants.
IMPORTANCE

5. • Seeds exude various molecules that influence their surroundings microbial communities,
either inhibiting or stimulating their growth.
•The composition of the exudates varies according to the plant type and such properties
of the soil as its PH and moisture content .
•Soil type matters much more than seed type, specifically soil with a higher content of
organic matter.
•As the seed germinates, the function of the microbial community changes rather than its
composition.
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE OF SPERMOSPHERE

6. •The spermosphere also acts as biological control for the germinating seed which means
certain beneficial microganisms can protect the seed from plant pathogens.
•The seed can excudate molecules and nutrients that attract beneficial microganisms to
their spermosphere which the prevent the colonization of pathogens.
• There are been specific research in this area with cotton seeds in which they were
coated with a beneficial bacteria and this prevented the seed from being infected with a
pythium ultimum infection.
PROTECTION OF SEED

8. • ^ abc Schiltz, S.; Gaillard, I.; Pawlicki-Jullian, N.; Thiombiano, B.; Mesnard, F.; Gontier, E. (December 2015). "A review: what is the
spermosphere and how can it be studied?". Journal of Applied Microbiology. 119 (6): 1467–1481. doi:10.1111/jam.12946. ISSN 1365-2672.
PMID 26332271.
• ^ Beattie, Gwyn A. (2006). "Plant-Associated Bacteria: Survey, Molecular Phylogeny, Genomics and Recent Advances". In
Gnanamanickam, Samuel S. (ed.). Plant-associated bacteria. Vol. 1. Springer Publishing. p. 2. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-4538-7_1.
ISBN 978-1-4020-4538-7.
• ^abcd Schiltz, S; Gaillard, I; Pawlicki-Jullian, N; Thiombiano, B; Mesnard, F; Gontier, E (December 2015). "A review: what is the
spermosphere and how can it be studied?". Journal of Applied Microbiology. 119 (6): 1467–81. doi:10.1111/jam.12946. PMID 26332271.
• ^ Xu, Yang; Zhang, Dai; Dai, Liangxiang; Ding, Hong; Ci, Dunwei; Qin, Feifei; Zhang, Guanchu; Zhang, Zhimeng (January 2020).
"Influence of Salt Stress on Growth of Spermosphere Bacterial Communities in Different Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Cultivars".
International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 21 (6): 2131. doi:10.3390/ijms21062131. ISSN 1422-0067. PMC 7139419. PMID 32244906.
REFERENCE

9. Thank you

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