Spherical mirror by Kshitiz Rai

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1. SPHERICAL MIRROR

2. Virtual Images Virtual Images are basically images which cannot be visually projected on a screen. If this box gave off light, we could project an image of this box on to a screen provided the screen was on the SAME SIDE as the box. You would not be able to project the image of the vase or your face in a mirror on a screen, therefore it is a virtual image. CONCLUSION: VIRTUAL IMAGES are ALWAYS on the OPPOSITE side of the mirror relative to the object.

3. Real Image Real Images are ones you can project on to a screen. For MIRRORS they always appear on the SAME SIDE of the mirror as the object. object image The characteristics of the image, however, may be different from the original object. These characteristics are: SIZE (reduced , enlarged, same size) POSITION (same side, opposite side) ORIENTATION (right side up, inverted)

4. Spherical Mirrors – Concave & Convex Also called CONVERGING mirror Also called DIVERGING mirror

5. Converging (Concave) Mirror Since the mirror is spherical it technically has a CENTER OF CURVATURE, C. The focal point happens to be HALF this distance . We also draw a line through the center of the mirror and call it the PRINCIPAL AXIS.

6. C F P (a) Rays parallel to the principal axis are reflected and they pass through the principal focus

7. (b) Rays passing through the principal focus (F) will move parallel to the principal axis after reflection C F P

8. (c) Ray passing through the centre of curvature (C) are reflected back along their own paths because they are normal to the mirror. C F P

9. F C P I am parallel to the principal axis. Always draw me first I am the Object I am reflected and pass through F. For me, I pass through F first I am reflected parallel to the principal axis I pass through C and I am reflected back along my own path Now let us draw a ray diagram for an object beyond C What is the nature and position of the image formed? Image is real but inverted. Image is between focus(F) and center of curvature(C). Image

10. F C P I am parallel to the principal axis. Always draw me first I am the Object I am reflected and pass through F. For me, I pass through F first I am reflected parallel to the principal axis Now let us draw a ray diagram for an object at C I am the image What is the nature of image formed? 1) The image is real , inverted and of same size. 2) The image is formed at center of curvature.

11. F C P I am parallel to the principal axis. I am the Object I am reflected and pass through F. For me, I pass through F first I am reflected parallel to the principal axis Now the object is between C and F I am the image now. What is the nature of this image? The image is real and magnified. The position of image is beyond center of curvature

12. F C P I am the Object Now let us draw a ray diagram for an object at F We will meet at infinity to form a real, inverted magnified image.

13. F C P I am the Object I am reflected and pass through F. For me, I pass through F first I am reflected parallel to the principal axis I pass through C and I am reflected back along my own path Now let us draw a ray diagram for an object between F and P I am the image. What is the nature of image formed? The image is virtual , erect and magnified. The is formed behind the mirror.

14. The Sky Mirror in Monte Carlo

15. USES OF CONCAVE MIRROR Used in cars to provide strong parallel beams of light. Used by females and males in makeup and shaving by them respectively . To provide enlarged and virtual image.

16. CONVEX MIRROR

17. Apparent Convergence of rays 2 f (f) Focal ray Parallel ray Ray thru 2f Image is: Virtual Erect Reduced Appears behind the mirror Image by convex mirror when object beyond 2f

18. Parallel rays Reflected rays Virtual focus Focal length = - Forms only virtual, erect, reduced images between the virtual focus and the mirror. Dotted lines Shows the Apparent Ray focus Image formed by convex mirror when object is at infinity.

19. USES OF CONVEX MIRROR Convex Mirror is used in the given images because:- It help the driver to see the vehicles behind them. It covers a large area as compared to plane mirror or concave mirror. It creates erect and virtual image always

20. The Mirror Equation Is there any OTHER way to predict image characteristics besides the ray diagram? YES! One way is to use the MIRROR/LENS equation to CALCULATE the position of the image . d = distance between pole and image d 1 = distance between pole and object

21. MAGNIFICATION Magnification produced by a spherical mirror gives the relative extent to which the image of an object is magnified with respect to the object size. It is expressed as the ratio of the height of the image(h 2 ) to the height of the object(h 1 ). The magnification is also related to the object distance (u) and image distance(v). M=h 2 /h 1 =-v/u

22. THANK YOU By:- Kshitiz Rai 10 A