Spleen_Anatomy_Final presentation for the medical college

Spleen

1. Anatomy of the Spleen Seminar Presentation Nineveh College of Medicine Presented by: Mustafa Khudhur Kareem Jumana Ammar Tareq Amena Saddam Mahmoud

2. Introduction • What is the spleen? • Importance in the human body • Overview of the seminar

3. Location & Position • Situated in the left hypochondrium • Lies between stomach and diaphragm • Ribs 9–11 cover it

4. External Features • Shape: Ovoid, soft organ • Surfaces: Diaphragmatic & Visceral • Poles: Superior & Inferior • Borders: Anterior, Posterior, and Inferior

5. Relations of the Spleen • Anterior: Stomach • Posterior: Left kidney & diaphragm • Medial: Pancreas & splenic flexure of colon • Inferior: Left colic flexure

6. Ligaments of the Spleen • Gastrosplenic ligament: connects spleen to stomach • Splenorenal ligament: connects spleen to left kidney • Phrenicocolic ligament: supports the spleen

7. Blood Supply & Venous Drainage • Artery: Splenic artery (branch of celiac trunk) • Vein: Splenic vein → joins superior mesenteric vein → portal vein

8. Lymphatic Drainage & Nerve Supply • Lymph: Drains into pancreaticosplenic nodes → celiac nodes • Nerves: Sympathetic & parasympathetic from celiac plexus

9. Histology of the Spleen • White pulp: Contains lymphocytes (immune function) • Red pulp: Filters blood, removes old RBCs • Splenic sinusoids & cords of Billroth

10. Functions of the Spleen • Immune function: Produces lymphocytes • Hematopoiesis: In fetal life • Blood filtration: Removes old RBCs & pathogens • Blood reservoir: Stores platelets

11. Clinical Correlations (Splenic Injury) • Ruptured spleen: Due to trauma (common in accidents) • Symptoms: Shock, Kehr’s sign (left shoulder pain) • Treatment: Splenectomy in severe cases

12. Splenectomy & Its Effects • Indications: Trauma, cancer, hematologic diseases • Risks: Increased risk of infections (post-splenectomy sepsis) • Vaccination needed: Against pneumococcus, meningococcus, H. influenzae

13. Simple Splenic Cyst • Definition: Fluid-filled, usually congenital. • Symptoms: Rarely causes pain or fullness; rupture is uncommon. • Diagnosis: - US: Clear cyst. - CT/MRI: Defines size and wall thickness.

14. Imaging of Splenic Cysts & Splenomegaly Includes ultrasound, CT, or MRI images of: • Simple splenic cyst • Splenomegaly

15. Splenomegaly (Enlarged Spleen) • Definition: Abnormal spleen enlargement. • Symptoms: Often asymptomatic; may cause discomfort in the left abdomen. • Diagnosis: - Physical Exam: Enlarged spleen felt during palpation. - US/CT/MRI: Confirms size and underlying causes.