Splint and tractions

Gives a brief idea on splints and tractions, Hope u will find it informative.

1. SPLINTS AND TRACTIONS Rangeen C handran

2. SPLINT Any material used to support a fracture is known as splint. Unconventional. Conventional.

3. INDICATIONS Temporary immobilization of sprains, fractures, and reduced dislocations Control of pain Prevention of further soft tissue or neurovascular injuries

4. CRAMER-WIRE SPLINT

5. CRAMER-WIRE SPLINT Ladder splint. Used for temporary splintage of fractures during transportation. Made of 2 thick parallel wires with interlacing wires. Can be bent into different shapes.

6. THOMAS KNEE-BED SPLINT Thomas splint. Devised by Hugh. Owen Thomas. Initially used for immobilisation for tuberculosis of the knee.

7. PARTS OF THOMAS SPLINT Consist of: Ring Medial bar Lateral bar

8. USE Immobilisation of lower limb

9. BOHLER BRAUN SPLINT

10. Bohler’s modification of braun splint. Consisted of only 1 pulley.

11. Pulley a -calcaneal/distal tibeal traction. Pulley b -distal femoral/proximal tibial traction Pulley c -change angle of traction

12. ADVANTAGES Angle of traction can be changed without changing traction arrangements. Simultaneous tractions possible.

13. DISADVANTAGE Not suitable for transportation.

14. DENNIS BROWN SPLINT Use-Club foot(CTEV)

15. ALUMINIUM FINGER SPLINT

16. COCK-UP WRIST SPLINT

17. KNUCKLE BENDER SPLINT

18. VOLKMANN’S SPLINT

19. AEROPLANE SPLINT

20. SOMI BRACE

21. ASHE BRACE

22. TAYLOR’S BRACE

23. MILWAUKEE BRACE

24. BOSTON BRACE

25. CARE OF A PATIENT IN A SPLINT Splint should be properly applied, well padded at bony prominences and at the fracture sites Bandage of the splint shouldn’t be too tight nor too loose. Patient should be encouraged to actively exercise the muscles and the joints inside the splint as much as permitted. Any compression of nerve or vessel should be detected early and managed accordingly. Daily checking and adjustments should be made.

26. TRACTION Traction is a method of restoring alignment to a fracture through gradual neutralisation of muscular forces.

27. USES Reduction of fractures and dislocations. Immobilising painful and inflamed joint. Preventing deformities. Correction of soft tissue contractures.

28. TYPES OF TRACTION FIXED TRACTION Counter-traction is provided by a part of the body. SLIDING TRACTION Weight of the body under influence of gravity provides counter-traction.

29. METHODS OF APPLYING TRACTION SKIN TRACTION SKELETAL TRACTION

30. SKIN TRACTION Adhesive/non adhesive strap is applied on skin and traction applied. Acts over large area. Max.wt permissible- 6.7kg.

31. SKELETAL TRACTION Traction applied through pin/wire driven through bone.

32. Pins used- Steinmann pin Denham’s pin

33. K wire( Kirschner’s wire)

34. COMMON SITES FOR SKELETAL TRACTION Olecranon Greater trochanter Lower end of femur Upper end of tibia Lower end f tibia Calcaneum

35. SKIN TRACTION SKELETAL TRACTION AGE Children Adults APPLIED WITH Adhesive plaster Pin,wire APPLIED Skin Bone SITE Below knee Upper tibial pin traction Wt.PERMITTED 3-4 kg 20kg DURATION Short long

36. COMPLICATIONS OF TRACTION Over distraction Loss of position Pressure sores Pin track infection Injury to vessels or nerves

37. CARE OF PATIENT IN TRACTION Traction should be made comfortable. Proper functioning of traction unit must be ensured. Sensations over toes and fingers should be normal. Proper position of fracture ensured by taking check xrays in traction. Physiotherapy of limb should be continued to minimise muscle wasting.