sprinkler irrigation system

sprinkler irrigation system agricultural engineering

1. Mehmet DEMİR sprinkler irrigation system EGE UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE   DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY

2. What is irrigation Irrigation is an artificial application of water to the soil It is usually used to assist in growing crops in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall

3. Irrigation Methods are mainly classified into Surface Irrigation Subsurface Irrigation Drip irrigation Sprinkler irrigation

4. Sprinkler irrigation Sprinkler irrigation is a method of applying irrigation water which is similar to natural rainfall. Water is distributed through a system of pipes usually by pumping. Water under pressure is carried and sprayed into the air above the crop through a system

5. Definitions Water flow rate: In the metric system the units are : m 3 /h or liter /h (l/h). Wetting diameter Sprinkler spacing : The spacing between the sprinklers along and between the sprinkler laterals . For example : 12 m x 18 m. Application rate : the amount of water applied to an area unit per a unit of time: 1 mm/h = 1 m3 per 0.1 Ha/h = 10 m3 per Ha per hour . Irrigation cycle : The period between the beginning and the termination of one irrigation event of a certain area . Wind velocity : expressed in meters per second (m/ sec .) or km/h units .

6. Sprinkler classification Impact sprinkler Gun Sprinklers Pop- up sprinklers Gear - driven sprinkler Rotor and rotary stream sprinklers Turbo hammer sprinkler

7. impact sprinkler The impact sprinklers are fitted with one, two or three nozzles. This sprinkler type is manufactured in diverse material . With a 30⁰ ejection angle it is used for overhead irrigation of field crops and orchards.

8. Part of impact sprinkler

9. Wetting diameter

10. Big Gun Sprinklers Big size hammer sprinklers are made of brass . The working pressure is high (4 - 8 bars). The sprinkler flow-rate range is 6 - 60 m3/h. Gun sprinklers are used for irrigation of forage and field crops in Center-Pivot and Lateral-Move irrigation machines and as a traveling gun in "standalone" configuration.

11. Pop up sprinklers Pop up sprinklers commonly used for lawn and golf courses irrigation.

12. Gear driven sprinklers Gear driven sprinklers are used mostly in residential and public lawns irrigation. Some gun sprinklers are also driven by a turbine and velocity reduction gear.

13. Rotor and rotary stream sprinklers

14. Turbo hammer sprinklers

15. Advantages Sprinkler irrigation is suitable to diverse topographic conditions like uneven lands and steep slopes that cannot be irrigated by surface irrigation . A vast selection of emitters and nozzles facilitates the matching of the water application rate to the intake rate of the soil . Uniform distribution of water in the field renders high water use efficiency . Minimizes labor requirement . Feasibility of frequent small water dosage applications for germination , cooling , frost protection , etc . Convenient blending of fertilizers with the irrigation water . Handy integration with automation and computerized irrigation control devices .

16. Disadvantages High initial investment . Extra cost of the energy consumed for creation of water pressure . Sensitivity to wind conditions . Water losses by evaporation from soil surface , the atmosphere and plant canopy . Washout of pesticides from the foliage in overhead irrigation . Interference of irrigation with diverse farm activities like tillage , spraying , harvesting , etc .