Ssac 353 lecture no. 13 and 14 n fertilizers classification, fate of n fertilizers in soil

Nitrogen fertilizers, classification, manufacturing, fate in soil

1. Nitrogen Fertilizers 16 and 17 Fertilizer Definition Classification of N fertilizers Manufacturing process Properties of important fertilizers Fate or reactions of N- fertilizers in soils. MARKS: 06 Dr AB Jadhav , Assistant professor Soil Science and Agril . Chemistry, Agriculture College, Pune

2. Nutrient Efficiency Cause of low efficiency Nitrogen 30-50 % Immobilization, volatilization, denitrification, Leaching Phosphorus 15-20% Fixation in soils Al – P, Fe – P, Ca – P Potassium 70-80% Fixation in clay - lattices Sulphur 8-10% Immobilization, Leaching with water Micro nutrients (Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, B) 1-2% Fixation in soils Major Concerns In Indian Agriculture Declining Nutrient Use Efficiency

3. Classification of Fertilizer

4. UREA [CO(NH) 2 ] 2 First time an organic compound synthesized from inorganic compound by Friedrich Wohler (1828) Manufacturing of Urea Commercially urea is manufactured by chemical reaction of liquid NH 3 with CO 2 in a reactor maintained at temp. range of 180 to 200 C and pressure 200-350 kg cm 2 2 NH 3 + CO 2 ======== ======== NH 4 COONH 2 (Ammonium carbonate) NH 4 COONH 2 (Ammonium carbonate) ============== [CO(NH) 2 ] 2 (urea) + H 2 O 180-200 C 200-350 kg cm 2 250 C Decomposition Equivalent acidity : The amount of lime (CaCO 3 ) required for neutralizing the acidity caused by 100 kg urea (Urea has 80 equivalent acidity) Biuret: It a chemical compound with the chemical formula H 2 NCNHCNH 2 . It is the result of condensation of two molecules of urea and is a problematic impurity in urea-based fertilizers. This white solid is soluble in hot water. The term "biuret" also describes a family of organic compounds with the functional group - (HN-CO-)2N-.

5. UREA [CO(NH) 2 ] 2

6. Ammonium Sulphate ( NH 4 SO 4: 20.5 % N)

7. Manufacturing of NH 4 SO 4 This fertilizer comes from by-product of steel industry. This was first produced in India at Jamshedpur, Jharkhand in 1933 as a by-product of steel industry. During burning of coke and coal, large amount of coke-oven gases are released which are rich in NH 3 are liberated this liberated gas pass through dilute H 2 SO 4 and ammonium sulphate is formed. 2NH 3 + H 2 SO 4 ======= NH 4 SO 4

8. Another way for the manufacturing of NH 4 SO 4 is direct reaction between anhydrous NH 3 and H 2 SO 4 this process is not cost effective due to high cost of H 2 SO 4

9. Ammonium Nitrate (NH 4 NO 3 :34% N)

10. Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (CaNH 4 NO 3 : 34% N)

11. Reaction of N-fertilizers in Soil

12. Thank you