STAGES OF READING DEVELOPMENT.pdf

STAGES OF READING DEVELOPMENT

1. 11
STAGES of READING STAGES of READING
DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT
The Major Qualitative The Major Qualitative
Characteristics and How They Are Characteristics and How They Are
AcquiredAcquired

2. 22
Stage 0: Stage 0:
“Pseudo Reading”“Pseudo Reading”
PreschoolPreschool
(ages 6 months to 6 years)(ages 6 months to 6 years)

3. Stage 0: Pre-reading Stage:Stage 0: Pre-reading Stage:
Unsystematic accumulation of understandings about Unsystematic accumulation of understandings about
reading between pre-school and kindergarten.reading between pre-school and kindergarten.
Stage 1:Initial Reading or Decoding Stage (grades 1-2; Stage 1:Initial Reading or Decoding Stage (grades 1-2;
Ages 6-7 )Ages 6-7 )
Student's central task is learning arbitrary letters and Student's central task is learning arbitrary letters and
associating them with corresponding parts of spoken associating them with corresponding parts of spoken
words. Learner acquires knowledge about reading. words. Learner acquires knowledge about reading.
Phonics.Phonics.
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4. Stage 2: Confirmation, Fluency, Ungluing from Print, Stage 2: Confirmation, Fluency, Ungluing from Print,
Automaticity Stage (grades 2-3; Ages 7-8)Automaticity Stage (grades 2-3; Ages 7-8)
Consolidation of what was learned in Stage 1. Requires Consolidation of what was learned in Stage 1. Requires
reading many easy and familiar books for developmental reading many easy and familiar books for developmental
reading. Gradual increase in functional and recreational reading. Gradual increase in functional and recreational
reading. Common use of the basal readers. Functional reading. Common use of the basal readers. Functional
reading is important - content area texts. Range of reading is important - content area texts. Range of
possible recreational reading increaspossible recreational reading increases.es.
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5. Stage 3: Reading for Learning the New Stage: A First Step Stage 3: Reading for Learning the New Stage: A First Step
(Grades 4-8; ages 9-13)(Grades 4-8; ages 9-13)
Readers need to bring prior knowledge to their reading. Readers need to bring prior knowledge to their reading.
Children acquire facts.Children acquire facts.
Stage 4: Multiple Viewpoints Stage: (High School; Ages Stage 4: Multiple Viewpoints Stage: (High School; Ages
14-18)14-18)
Should include instruction in reading/study skills and Should include instruction in reading/study skills and
reading strategies for success.reading strategies for success.
Stage 5:Construction & Reconstruction Stage: College; Stage 5:Construction & Reconstruction Stage: College;
Ages 18 & beyond)Ages 18 & beyond)
Adult literacy should stress acquisition of skills useful to Adult literacy should stress acquisition of skills useful to
the participants and the ability to apply those skills.the participants and the ability to apply those skills.
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6. 66
Stage 0Stage 0
Major Qualitative Major Qualitative
Characteristics Characteristics
and Masteries by and Masteries by
End of StageEnd of Stage
Pretend readingPretend reading
Retells story from Retells story from
picturespictures
Names alphabet Names alphabet
lettersletters
Prints own namePrints own name
Plays with books, Plays with books,
pencils, paperpencils, paper

7. 77
Stage 0Stage 0
• • How it’s How it’s
AcquiredAcquired
Being read to by Being read to by
someone who someone who
responds to child’s responds to child’s
interestinterest
Being provided with Being provided with
books, paper, pencils, books, paper, pencils,
letters, timeletters, time

8. 88
Stage 0Stage 0
••Relationship Relationship
of Reading of Reading
to Listeningto Listening
Most can understand Most can understand
children’s picture children’s picture
books and stories books and stories
read to themread to them
Can understand Can understand
thousands of the thousands of the
words they hear by words they hear by
age 6, but can read age 6, but can read
few if any of themfew if any of them

9. 99
Stage 1:Stage 1:
Initial reading and Initial reading and
decodingdecoding
Grade 1 and beginning Grade 2 Grade 1 and beginning Grade 2
(ages 6 and 7)(ages 6 and 7)

10. 1010
Stage 1Stage 1
Major Major
Qualitative Qualitative
Characteristics Characteristics
and Masteries and Masteries
by End of by End of
StageStage
Learns relation between Learns relation between
letters and sounds and letters and sounds and
between printed and between printed and
spoken wordsspoken words
Able to read simple text Able to read simple text
containing high-frequency containing high-frequency
words and phonically words and phonically
regular wordsregular words
Sounds out new one-Sounds out new one-
syllable wordssyllable words

11. 1111
Stage 1Stage 1
••How it’s How it’s
acquiredacquired
Direct instruction and Direct instruction and
practice in letter-sound practice in letter-sound
relationshipsrelationships
Reading of simple stories Reading of simple stories
using simple phonic using simple phonic
patterns and high patterns and high
frequency wordsfrequency words
Being read to at a higher Being read to at a higher
level to develop level to develop
advanced language advanced language
patterns, new words, and patterns, new words, and
ideasideas

12. 1212
Stage 1Stage 1
••Relationship of Relationship of
Reading to Reading to
ListeningListening
Child’s reading level Child’s reading level
is much below the is much below the
language that is language that is
understood when understood when
heardheard
At end of stage, most At end of stage, most
children understand children understand
6,000 or more words 6,000 or more words
but can read only but can read only
about 600.about 600.

13. 1313
Stage 2:Stage 2:
Confirmation and Confirmation and
FluencyFluency
Grades 2 and 3Grades 2 and 3
(ages 7 and 8)(ages 7 and 8)

14. 1414
Stage 2Stage 2
Major Qualitative Major Qualitative
Characteristics Characteristics
and Masteries by and Masteries by
End of StageEnd of Stage
Reads simple stories Reads simple stories
with increasing with increasing
fluencyfluency
Learns to consolidate Learns to consolidate
decoding, sight decoding, sight
vocabulary, & vocabulary, &
meaning context to meaning context to
read stories and read stories and
selectionsselections

15. 1515
Stage 2Stage 2
How it’s How it’s
acquiredacquired
Direct instruction in Direct instruction in
advanced decoding advanced decoding
skillsskills
Wide reading w/ Wide reading w/
instructional and instructional and
independent materialsindependent materials
Being read to at Being read to at
levels above their levels above their
own to develop own to develop
language, vocabulary language, vocabulary
and conceptsand concepts

16. 1616
Stage 2Stage 2
Relationship of Relationship of
Reading to Reading to
ListeningListening
About 3,000 words About 3,000 words
can be readcan be read
9,000 or more words 9,000 or more words
in listening vocabularyin listening vocabulary
Listening is still more Listening is still more
effective than readingeffective than reading

17. 1717
Stage 3:Stage 3:
Reading for Learning the Reading for Learning the
NewNew
Grades 4-8Grades 4-8
(ages 9-13)(ages 9-13)

18. 1818
Stage 3:Stage 3:
Phase A & BPhase A & B
A. Intermediate, grades 4-6A. Intermediate, grades 4-6
B. Junior high school, grades 7-9B. Junior high school, grades 7-9

19. 1919
Stage 3Stage 3
Major Major
Qualitative Qualitative
Characteristics Characteristics
and Masteries and Masteries
by End of by End of
StageStage
For the first time, may be For the first time, may be
responsible for reading responsible for reading
independently toindependently to
-learn new ideas, -learn new ideas,
-gain new knowledge,-gain new knowledge,
-experience new feelings -experience new feelings
and attitudesand attitudes
Generally from one Generally from one
viewpoint viewpoint

20. 2020
Stage 3Stage 3
How it’s How it’s
AcquiredAcquired
Reading/studying Reading/studying
textbooks, reference textbooks, reference
works, trade books, works, trade books,
newspapers, magazinesnewspapers, magazines
Being exposed to Being exposed to
unfamiliar vocabulary and unfamiliar vocabulary and
syntax syntax
Systematic study of Systematic study of
words words
Reacting to text through Reacting to text through
discussions and writingdiscussions and writing
Reading of more complex Reading of more complex
fiction, non-fiction, etc.fiction, non-fiction, etc.

21. 2121
Stage 3Stage 3
Relationship of Relationship of
Reading to Reading to
ListeningListening
At beginning, listening At beginning, listening
comprehension is still comprehension is still
more effective than more effective than
readingreading
By the end, reading By the end, reading
and listening are and listening are
about equal about equal
For good readers, For good readers,
reading is more reading is more
efficientefficient

22. 2222
Stage 4:Stage 4:
Multiple Viewpoints Multiple Viewpoints
High school, grades 10-12High school, grades 10-12
(ages 15-17)(ages 15-17)

23. 2323
Stage 4Stage 4
Major Major
Qualitative Qualitative
Characteristics Characteristics
and Masteries and Masteries
by End of by End of
StageStage
Reading widely from Reading widely from
a broad range of a broad range of
complex materials--complex materials--
expository and expository and
narrativenarrative
Able to deal with Able to deal with
multiple viewpointsmultiple viewpoints

24. 2424
Stage 4Stage 4
How it’s How it’s
AcquiredAcquired
Wide reading and study Wide reading and study
of science and of science and
humanities as well as humanities as well as
newspapers and newspapers and
magazinesmagazines
Systematic study of Systematic study of
words and word partswords and word parts
Formal and creative Formal and creative
writingwriting

25. 2525
Stage 4Stage 4
Relationship of Relationship of
Reading to Reading to
ListeningListening
Reading Reading
comprehension is comprehension is
better than listening better than listening
comprehension of comprehension of
difficult materialdifficult material
For poorer readers, For poorer readers,
listening listening
comprehension may comprehension may
be equal to readingbe equal to reading

26. 2626
Stage 5:Stage 5:
Construction and Construction and
ReconstructionReconstruction
College and beyondCollege and beyond
(age 18+)(age 18+)

27. 2727
Stage 5Stage 5
Major Major
Qualitative Qualitative
Characteristics Characteristics
and Masteries and Masteries
by End of by End of
StageStage
Reading is used for Reading is used for
one’s own needs and one’s own needs and
purposespurposes
Serves to integrate Serves to integrate
one’s knowledge with one’s knowledge with
that of others to that of others to
synthesize and create synthesize and create
new knowledgenew knowledge
It is rapid and efficientIt is rapid and efficient

28. 2828
Stage 5Stage 5
How it’s How it’s
AcquiredAcquired
Wide reading of ever Wide reading of ever
more difficult more difficult
materialsmaterials
Writing papers, tests, Writing papers, tests,
essays that call for essays that call for
integration of varied integration of varied
knowledge and points knowledge and points
of viewof view

29. 2929
Stage 5Stage 5
Relationship Relationship
of Reading to of Reading to
ListeningListening
Reading is more Reading is more
efficient than listeningefficient than listening

30. 3030
Implications:Implications:
Stage 3 is necessary for the industrial workplaceStage 3 is necessary for the industrial workplace
Stage 4 is an absolute for the informational ageStage 4 is an absolute for the informational age
Many readers never get beyond Stage 3 and Many readers never get beyond Stage 3 and
most reading instruction ends before students most reading instruction ends before students
are adept at Stage 3 skillsare adept at Stage 3 skills
Most remediation is done in Stage 1 and Stage 2 Most remediation is done in Stage 1 and Stage 2
as well as Stage 3Aas well as Stage 3A
However, Stage 3A depends so heavily on However, Stage 3A depends so heavily on
adequate Stage 1 & 2 skills that decoding and adequate Stage 1 & 2 skills that decoding and
fluency may be more important for older fluency may be more important for older
students whose comprehension seems lowstudents whose comprehension seems low