standard precautions for infection control measures by Ahmed elashry

standard precautions for infectin control measures including video illustrations created on office 2010

1. Precautions for infection control measures Done by members of group 18

2. Topics Chain of infection Standard precautions Hand hygiene infectious waste management sharps safety devices PPE respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette

3. Chain of Infection Agent ↓ Reservoir ↓ Portal of exit ↓ Mode of transmission ↓ Portal of entry ↓ Susceptible host

4. Chain of Infection + Quantity of pathogen Virulence Route of transmission Sensitive host Port

5. infection control precautions Standard precautions Basic precautions used to reduce transmission of all infectious agents from one person to another Should be applied for ALL patients Transmission-based precautions Contact Droplet Airborne

6. Standard precautions Method of infection control that uses work practices , engineering controls, and personal protective equipment (PPE) to reduce or eliminate exposure to infectious agents.

7. Standard precautions 1) Work practices hand hygiene no eating, drinking in areas with risk of transmission no re-capping of used needles 2) Engineering controls safety devices on sharp medical devices sharps containers hand washing facilities

8. Standard precautions PPE used as last resort when exposure has not been eliminated by work practices and engineering controls provides protection to skin, clothing, nose, mouth, eyes examples: gowns, gloves, goggles, masks

9. Standard precautions considers all person potentially infectious applies to all individuals, regardless of presence/type of symptoms used against exposure to blood, all body fluids, secretions, excretions (except sweat), mucous membranes, non-intact skin

10. Standard precautions hand hygiene infectious waste management sharps safety devices PPE respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette

11. Hand hygiene

12. Hand hygiene Types:- sinks, soap, paper towels available in convenient locations alcohol gel in convenient locations for staff

13. Hand hygiene Wash hands : before and after client contact after removing gloves and other PPE after contact with contaminated surfaces and items, specimens, even when gloves are worn before eating or drinking after using restroom after coughing, sneezing, blowing nose

14. Procedure of hand washing By water and soap

15. Infectious waste management

16. Infectious waste management sharps containers puncture resistant leak-proof, closable labeled with biohazard symbol or red do not overfill

17. Infectious waste management biohazard bags for disposal of items with blood, body fluids that are pourable dripable squeezable flakable

18. Sharps safety devices

19. Sharps safety devices Needle stick Safety and Prevention Act Avoid the use of needles where safe alternatives are available Never shear, break, bend, or recap a needle

20. Sharps safety devices Needle stick Safety and Prevention Act Dispose needle and sharps in proper container Never reach into or overfill a sharp container

21. Sharps safety devices Needle stick Safety and Prevention Act Direct the sharp end away from yourself and others Use safety needles

22. Sharps safety devices Self-Sheathing Safety Feature: Sliding needle shields attached to disposable syringes and vacuum tube holders

23. Sharps safety devices Add-on Safety Features: Hinged or sliding shields attached to phlebotomy needles, winged steel needles and blood gas needles

24. Personal protective equipment

25. definition Specialized clothing or equipment worn by employees for protection against health and safety hazards. Personal protective equipment is designed to protect many parts of the body, i.e., eyes, head, face, hands, feet, and ears

26. Personal protective equipment types glove s gowns aprons goggles, face shields surgical/procedure masks respirators

27. Types of PPE Gloves Different kinds of gloves Housekeeper gloves Clean gloves Sterile glove Work from clean to dirty Avoid “touch contamination” Eyes, mouth, nose, surfaces Change gloves between patients

28. Types of PPE Gowns Fully cover torso Have long sleeves Fit snuggly at the wrist

29. Types of PPE Surgical masks Cotton, paper Protect against body fluids and large particles Particulate respirators (N95) Fit testing essential Protect against small droplets and other airborne particles Alternative materials (barrier) Tissues, cloth Masks and Respirators: Barriers and Filtration

30. Types of PPE Particulate Respirators Three types: disposable, reusable, powered air purifying respirators Disposable Particulate Respirators Classified N95, N99, N100, R95, R99, R100, P95, P99, P100 Letter indicates oil resistance: N = not resistant, R = somewhat resistant, P = strongly resistant Number is percent of airborne particles filtered (e.g. N95 filters 95% of particles)

31. Types of PPE Boots (non-hospital settings) Eye Protection Face shields Goggles

32. Working with Limited Resources Avoid reuse of disposable PPE items Consider reuse of some disposable items only as an urgent, temporary solution Reuse only if no obvious soiling or damage When prioritizing PPE purchase Masks Gloves Eye protection

33. Standard precautions Respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette cover mouth and nose with tissue when coughing, sneezing immediately toss tissue wash hands with soap and water or use alcohol gel have client wear mask if possible barriers for front line staff

34. Standard precautions Respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette supplies tissue alcohol gel waste baskets education posters signs

35. Thank you