State and Non- State Institutions Presentation

State and Non- State

1. Understanding Culture, Society & Politics Module 7: Forms and Functions of State and Non-state Institution

2. Specific Objectives: a. identify the different forms and functions of state and non-state institutions; b. describe each form of state and non-state institutions; c. explain how state and non-state institutions function.

3. Scramble Letters D escription An swer A T E S T An organized political community acting under a government and united by common set of laws P O R A N I O T R O C A form of business operation that declares the business as a separate entity guided by a group of officers known as the Board of Directors. R N V E G O T E N M The governing body of the state or nation S K A B N A financial institution licensed to provide several financial services to different types of cu stomers. D E T R A O N U N I Organizations formed by workers from related fields that work for common interest of its me mbers T I V E S O O C P E R A Businesses governed on the principle of one member, one vote

4. STATE A state is an organized political community acting under a government and united by common set of laws. It uses absolute power in directing the path of a society. It also uses complete political coerciveness, which may come in the form of armed forces personnel, stricter laws, and rigid government policies in order to attain its societal goals and objectives.

5. Market exchange Market exchange is the primary form of economic subsistence of a state wherein standardized currencies are being used to exchange commodities.

6. States differ in sovereignty, governance, geography, and interests. It may be classified as sovereign if they are not dependent on, or subject to, any other power or state. Other states are subject to external sovereignty where ultimate sovereignty lies another state.

7. The concept of the state is different from the concept of government. A government is the particular group of people that controls the state at a given time. In other words, governments are the means through which the state power us employed like applying the rule of law. The concept of the state is also different from the concept of a nation, which refers to a large geographical area and the people therein who perceives themselves as having a common identity. The state is a political geopolitical entity; the nation is a cultural or ethnic entity.

8. Elements of the States 1. Population It is the people who make the state. Population is essential for the state. Without population there can be no State.

9. Elements of the States 2. Territory There can be no state without a fixed territory. People need territory to live and organize themselves socially and politically. It may be remembered that the territory of the states includes land, water and airspace.

10. Elements of the States 3. Government It is the organization or machinery or agency of the State which makes, implements, enforces, and adjudicates the laws of the state.

11. Elements of the States 4. Sovereignty It is the most exclusive elements of State. Without sovereignty no state can exist. State has the exclusive title and prerogative to exercise supreme power over all its people and territory. It is the basis which the State regulates all aspects of the life of the people living in its territory.

12. Forms of States States come in a variety of forms that vary on who holds power, how positions of leadership are obtained, and how authority is maintained. These are: a. Authoritarian Government Authoritarian governments differ in who holds power and in how control they assume over those who govern. An example of this type is Monarchy.

13. Forms of States Monarchy is a form of government in which supreme power is for life or until abdication. The person who heads a monarchy is called a monarch. Some monarchs hold unlimited political powers while many constitutional monarchies, such as the United Kingdom and Thailand. Currently, 44 nations in the world have monarchs as head of state. Totalitarianism is a political system that strives to regulate nearly every aspect of public and private life. It theoretically permits no individual freedom and that seeks to subordinate all aspects of individual life to the authority of the state. Modern examples of totalitarian states include the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin, Nazi Germany under Adolf Hitler, the People’s Republic of China under Mao Zedong, and North Korea under the Kim Dynasty.

14. b. Oligarchic Government An oligarchy is a form of government in which power effectively rests with a small-elite segment of society distinguished by royalty, wealth, family, military, or religious hegemony. An oligarchy does not have one clear ruler, but several powerful people who rule. One common example is theocracy. Theocracy is a government by divine guidance or by official who are regarded as divinely guided. Leaders are members of the clergy, and the state’s legal system is based on religious law. Contemporary examples of theocracies include Saudi Arabia, Iran, and the Vatican.

15. c. Democratic Government Democracy is a form of government in which the right to governs is held by the majority of citizens within a country or a state. The two principles of democracy are that all citizens have equal access to power and that all citizens enjoy universally recognized freedoms and liberties. People can either become country leaders through electoral process or elect leaders who represent the core values and beliefs. There are 99 democratic nations globally. Examples of democratic nations are Philippines, Norway, New Zealand, United States of America, Canada, Columbia, Italy, and South Africa.

16. Roles of the States 1. State provides security against external aggressions and war. For this purpose, the state maintains an army. 2. State ensures security against internal disturbances disorders and crimes. For this purpose, the state maintains police. 3. State legally grants and guarantees the rights of the people. 4. The state issues and regulates currency and coinage. 5. State undertakes steps for the creation of necessary conditions for the socio-economic-politico-cultural development of the people. 6. State grants citizenship and protects their interests and rights. 7. State conducts foreign relations, foreign trade and economic relations. 8. State secures the goals of national interest in international relations

17. Nonstate Institutions Nonstate institutions are people and/ or organization that participate in international affairs and relations but are not affiliated with any state or nation. These nonstate institutions include the following: bank and corporations, cooperatives and trade unions, transnational advocacy groups, and development agencies and international organizations. These nonstate institutions are equally capable of influencing policy formation and implementation.

18. a. Banks A. Bank is a financial institution licensed to provide several financial services to different types of customers. Banks are in operation mainly for their deposits and lending functions. Customers are allowed to deposit their money to banks which grow through an interest rate. Banks also provide loans, with an interest to customers who need money either for personal consumption or for investment and businesses. Banks may be categorized into major forms such as commercial banks and investment banks.

19. Forms of Bank D escription Commercial Banks  Financial deposit with security and convenience which could be in the form of credit cards, debit cards, and check  Provide business, individual, and personal loans, enabling commercial banks to earn intere st  Serve as payment agents within and outside the country through wire transfer  Subjected to more regulations Investment Banks  Financial intermediaries that performs a variety of services for businesses and some government  Issues securities to the investing public  Make markets, facilities, mergers, and other corporate reorganizations  Acts as brokers for institutional clients  Un der the supervision of regulatory bodies suchas the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), FINRA, and the US Treasury  Subjected to fewer regulations

20. The two most well-known financial institutions World Bank Asian Development Bank

21. b. Corporations It is a form of business operation that declares the business as a separate entity guided by a group of officers known as the Board of Directors. They were created by individuals, stockholders or shareholders, with the purpose of operating for profit. They have all legal rights of an individual, except for the right to vote and certain limitations. They are given the right to exist by the state that issues their charter. Corporation example Includes General Motors Corporation an icon of American craftsmanship, Apple Corporation as one of the famous tech companies, Amazon Corporation founded by Jeff Bezos is the world’s leading ecommerce and innovation company, Domino’s Pizza is a global food chain company delivering quality food worldwide.

22. Common Types of Corporations  For-profit entities form most corporations, and they are formed to generate revenues and provide a return to their shareholders, according to their percentage of ownership in the corporation. Examples: HBO in partnership with International Rescue Committee, Ford Motors and Lynda.com.

23. Common Types of Corporations  Not-for-profit entities operate under the category of charitable organizations, which are dedicated to a particular social cause such as educational, religious, scientific, or research purposes. Rather than distribute revenues to shareholders, not-for-profit organizations use their revenues to further their objectives. Human Rights Campaign is a very impressive example of using Facebook profile photos to spread the word far and wide about campaign. Greenpeace the environmental non-profit that used GPS technology to inform the public about their cause.

24. Multinational Corporations Multinational Corporations (MNCs) are business organization that extends ownership, management, production, and sales activities into several or more countries. MNCs are boon to the economic growth and development of the states

25. Good Effects Bad Effects Introduce technology Offer ill - suited technology Encourage economic growth Retard economic growth Encourage interdependently Cause dependency Elites learn to regulate Elites become compradors Promotes human rights Harms human rights Protect the environment Hurt the environment Economic actors Political actor s Promote a cosmopolitan world Damage national Culture

26. c. Cooperatives Cooperatives are people-centers enterprises owned, controlled and run by and for their members to realize their common economic, social, and cultural needs and aspirations. Cooperatives are businesses governed on the principle of one member, one vote. There are several common types of co-ops, including cooperatives owned and operated by: a. The people working there (worker cooperatives); b. The people buying the co-op’s goods or services (consumer cooperatives) c. The people collaborating to process and market their products(producer cooperatives); and d. Groups uniting to enhance their purchasing power (purchasing cooperatives)

27. d. Trade Unions/Labor Unions Trade Unions are organizations formed by workers from related fields that work for common interest of its members. They help workers in issues like fairness of pay, good working environment, hours of work and benefits. They represent a cluster of workers and provide a link between the management and workers. The purpose of these unions is to look into the grievances of wagers and present a collective voice in front of the management. It acts as the medium of communication between the workers and management. Among these trade unions that exist in the Philippines are the Federation of Free Workers (FFW), Kilusang Mayo Uno (KMU) and the Trade Union Congress of the Philippines (TUCP).

28. Functions of Trade Unions: 1. Advocating for fairness and equality for workers’ compensations 2. Securing better working conditions for workers 3. Trade Unions will organize strikes and demonstrations on behalf of worker demands 4. Fight for social welfare for workers 5. Promote and advocate for education and proper training for workers 6. Advocate and fight the government for legislative protections of the workers

29. Functions of Trade Unions: 7. Promote and advocate for organizational growth and stability 8. Trade Unions acts as representatives of workers in national and international forums 9. Involved in collective bargaining agreements and disputes with management to settle any conditions on employment 10.Advising management on correct personnel policies and procedures 11.Involved in collective and personal collective grievances between management and workers.

30. e. Transnational Advocacy Groups Transnational Advocacy Groups (TAGs) play an increasingly important role in international and regional politics and have contributed to changing policies of multilateral organizations and states. They are particularly visible in contentious areas as human rights, environmental issues, international peace, and women’s rights. They have specific roles to partake that can be achieved through effective measures, case-specific methods, and activities. TAGs serve as international catalysts for change, aiming to achieve international changes towards policies and practices. The very essence TAGS is the formation and development of their advocacies and campaigns that represent causes, ideas, values, and beliefs. Human Rights Watch and Amnesty are active in the human rights field. Oxfam and Save children deal with humanitarian issues. Greenpeace and Friends of the Earth represent environmental concerns.

31. f. Development Agencies Development Agencies have been established to develop the cooperation between the public sector, private sector, and civil society. These are organizations with specific aims and goals. The common denominator among these organizations is the term development. These agencies concentrate on the growth, progression, and advancement of specific concerns, which can be infrastructure or social institutions.

32. Types of Development Agencies: International Organization is an institution with membership drawn from two or more countries. Its activities transcend national boundaries as it facilitates cooperation among its members in the performance of one or more tasks. The international organization can be public or private. A public organization is an international government organization (IGO) with states as its members. Prominent examples of IGOs are United Nations, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), International Monetary Fund (IMF), European Union (EU), Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), and World Health Organization (WHO). A private organization has a membership of individuals or groups and is an international nongovernment organization (INGO) that originate for reasons other than politics such as International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol). INGOs may lobby or work regularly with the government and IGOs.

33. Types of Development Agencies: Non-government Organization is a non-profit group that functions independently of any government. It serves the social or political goals such as humanitarian and environmental causes. Most NGOs aim to promote the practice of democracy among societies and social change through their initiatives and organizational methods. Many NGOs have targeted their efforts toward population groups that tend to be underserved by governmental programs, including women, the aged, physically and mentally disabled persons, the poor, and various social groups that have been marginalized by virtue of race, religion, ethnicity, caste, and social class.

34. Interrelationship of Government and Non-state Institutions Government rules society. This reflects how powerful government institution can be. If nonstate institutions interfere with the governing body, two possible things can happen: 1. Integration among these two institutions may take place to achieve precise solution towards development 2. Conflict and tension may also arise because one could exceed the other in terms of societal control and influences ( Penninx , 2013)

35. Assessment 1. What is the primary form of economic subsistence of a state? A. Agriculture C. Foraging B. Banking D. Market Exchange 2. What political term refers as a sovereign actor with a central government ruling over population and territory? A. Banks C. State B. Government D. Trade Unions 3. What is the institution that membership is drawn from two or more countries? A. Cooperatives C. International Government B. International Organization D. Trade Unions

36. 4. Which of the following organizations is NOT an example of IGOs? A. International Monetary Fund C. North Atlantic Treaty Association B. INTERPOL D. World Health Organization 5. What form of business operation declares the business as separate entity guided by a group of officers known as the Board of Directors? A. Cooperatives C. International Government B. Corporation D. Trade Unions 6. What are the members of a public international organization? A. Board of Directors C. Society B. Private Business Owners D. States

37. 7. What happens if the nonstate institutions interfere with the government? A. Conflict and tensions may arise B. Equal context of political and economic development C. Equitable health and social development will be distributed D. Nonstate Organization provides support and assistance through organized frameworks 8. What licensed institution provides several financial services to different type of customers to earn profits? A. Banks C. State B. Government D. Trade Unions

38. 9. Which of the following functions is NOT a function of Trade Unions? A. Fights for Social welfare for workers B. Advocation for fairness and equality for workers’ compensations C. Trade unions will organize strikes and demonstrations on behalf of worker demands D.Support local and international groups to localize the implementation of international policies 10. Which of the following statements is NOT a good effect of MNCs in a state? A. Cause dependency B. Introduce technology C. Encourage interdependently D. Encourage economic growth