STATE- Elements and Origin.

This PDF file contains the basic definition of state, it's elements and origin.

1. STATE Definition, it’s Elements and Origin.

2. STATE DEFINITION 

3. STATE DEFINITION:  State is a community of persons more or less numerous, permanently occupying a definite portion of territory , having a government of their own to which the great body of inhabitants render obedience and enjoying freedom from external control . 3

4. STATE ELEMENTS 

5. Four Elements of State 5

6. 6 Four Elements of State An organization of human beings living together as a community . State – an association of men living together . How large should be the population of a state ?  Plato: Ideal state’s population 5050 persons  Aristotle: 10,000 – 1 lakh Neither too large or too small – large enough to be self sufficient & small enough to be well governed (city states)

7. Four Elements of State 7 A geographical area that is owned and controlled by a government or country to exercise such state sovereignty. Masses living on a definite portion of territory of an appropriate size Unlike wandering /nomadic tribes – who don't form a state People living together on a particular territory develop community of interests & patriotism - necessary for statehood  Size of the territory of a State ?  Small enough to be well administered  Small State proportionately stronger than a large one?  Current trend: Large States

8. Four Elements of State 8 Machinery that formulate, express, and carry out the will of the State . People (limbs) & Government (head) of the body People living permanently on a definite territory do not form a State without government to which they render habitual obedience.

9. Four Elements of State 9 CONTINUED People without a govt – mere assemblage of humans & not politically organized. Government ; machinery/agency through which the will of the State is  formulated & expressed State plans & acts through the government  Government: administers ,keeps law & order, formulates policy of the State. State is nothing without a government to make it real.

10. Four Elements of State 10 Quality of having supreme, independent authority over a territory . Supreme , original &unlimited power exercised over all persons & associations within  boundaries of the State, independent of external power. Sovereignty – soul of a State Two Aspects (internal & external)  Internally State is supreme over all persons & associations  Externally it is independent of all foreign control or power

11. Two types of Sovereignty 11

12. STATE ORIGIN 

13. ORIGIN OF STATE DIVINE RIGHT THEORY NECESSITY OR FORCE THEORY PATERNALISTIC / EVOLUTIONARY THEORY SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY. 13 THE ABOVE 4 THEORIES SHOW THAT HOW THE IDEA OF “STATE” CAME INTO BIENG

14. ORIGIN OF STATE 14 DIVINE RIGHT THEORY. The belief that God created the state and that God had give those of royal birth “DIVINE POWER” to rule. The people were bound to obey their ruler as they would God. To disobey the “DIVINE RIGHT OF KING” was considered both treason and moral sin. State is a divine creation and the ruler is ordained by God to govern the people.

15. ORIGIN OF STATE 15 THE FORCE THEORY The theory that when one person or one small group claims control over an area they forced all citizens living within it to submit to this group rule. The state must have been created through force by some warriors who imposed their will upon the weak

16. ORIGIN OF STATE 16 THE EVOLUTIONARY THEORY This theory states that the “ State” emerged from the family model where the patriarch (head of the family) governed the family. Over time the original family became a clan, the clan then became a tribe and when the clan began forming they gave up nomadic practices thus becoming a “STATE”. State originated from the enlargement of the family.

17. ORIGIN OF STATE 17 SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY The most significant of all the theories in terms of the American political system. Best associated with the ideas of THOMAS HOBBS that the state arose out of the voluntary act of free people. In this theory the states only purpose for existing is to serve the will of the people. Basically citizens surrender a small amount of their freedom to ensure protection from the government . State must have been formed by deliberate and voluntary compact among the people to form a society and organize government for their common good. Without government, people are afraid.

18. ORIGIN OF STATE 18 CONTINUED People form governments to protect their life, liberty and property. Proper purpose of government is to protect these “NATURAL RIGHTS”. Power of government comes from people “POPULAR SOVERIEGNTY”. Government that abuse rights of people lose legitimacy and can be overthrown.

19. Made by MUHAMMAD SAAD Thank you