Statistic Inference and Statistical Analysis Using MS Excel.pptx

Statistic Inference and Statistical Analysis Using MS Excel.pptx

1. Statistical Inferences and Statistical Analysis Using Microsoft Excel Prepared by: Jonalyn B. Soria

2. OBJECTIVE Provide overview about inferential statistic that helps you familiarize with the terminologies in statistics to help determining which statistical tests are appropriate for analyzing your data, also providing a sample statistic using Microsoft Excel. It does not represent a comprehensive overview of all statistical tests and methods.

3. OUTLINE Definition of Terms Statistic and Its Purpose The types of inferential statistics and when to use it Sample statistic using Microsoft Excel

4. DEFINITION OF TERMS Statistical Inferences Statistical inference is the process of analyzing the result and making conclusions from data subject to random variation. It is also called inferential statistics. Correlation The process of establishing a relationship or connection between two or more measures. T-tests A t test is a statistical test that is used to compare the means of two groups, or whether two groups are different from one another.

5. DEFINITION OF TERMS Chi-square Chi-square (or X2 after the Greek letter for c) used to compare observed results with expected results. The purpose of this test is to determine if a difference between observed data and expected data is due to chance, or if it is due to a relationship between the variables you are studying. Logistic Regression Logistic regression is a data analysis technique that uses mathematics to find the relationships between two data factors. It then uses this relationship to predict the value of one of those factors based on the other. Microsoft Excel a software program created by Microsoft that uses spreadsheets to organize numbers and data with formulas and functions.

6. WHAT IS STATISTICS? -Collection of Data -Analysis of Data -Presentation of Data What is the purpose of Statistic? The sole purpose is to make an accurate conclusion/ prediction/ inference about the population from the sample. What is the importance of Inferential Statistics? Helps to make Prediction from the data Inference about something Generalization about the population

7. THE TYPES OF INFERENTIAL STATISTICS  Correlation T-tests/ANOVA Chi-square Logistic Regression TYPES OF DATA Categorical/Nominal Data - data that are purely descriptive, that is, they do not possess any quantitative or numeric value. Ex. Male, Female, Nationalities, Blood Typ, etc. Continuous Data- unspecified number of possible measurements Ex. Height, Weight, Density, Volume, Temperature, Distance, etc.

8. CORRELATION When to use it? What does it tell you? What does it look like? when you want to know about the association or relationship between two continuous variables If a linear relationship exists between two variables, and how strong that relationship is

9. T-TEST Independent samples t-tests: To compare the MEANS of a continuous variable in TWO independent samples (i.e., two different groups of people) If there is a statistically significant difference between the mean score (or value) of two groups (either the same group of people before and after or two different groups of people) What does it look like? When to use it? What does it tell you?

10. CHI-SQUARE When to use it? What does it tell you? What does it look like? When you want to know if there is an association between two categorical (nominal) variables (i.e., between an exposure and outcome) Ex) Smoking (yes/no) and lung cancer (yes/no) Ex) Obesity (yes/no) and diabetes (yes/no) If the observed frequencies of occurrence in each group are significantly different from expected frequencies (i.e., a difference of proportions)

11. LOGISTIC REGRESSION When to use it? When you want to measure the strength and direction of the association between two variables, where the dependent or outcome variable is categorical (e.g., yes/no) When you want to predict the likelihood of an outcome while controlling for confounders What does it tell you? The odds of an event occurring the probability of the outcome event occurring divided by the probability of it not occurring What does it look like?

12. SUMMARY OF STATISTICAL TEST Statistic Test Type of Data Needed Correlation Two continuous variables T-tests/ANOVA Means from a continuous variable taken from two or more groups Chi-square Two categorical variables Logistic Regression A dichotomous variable as the outcome

13. STATISTIC ANALYSIS USING MICROSOFT EXCEL What are the advantages of using Microsoft Excel in statistical analysis? Best way to store data. You can perform calculations. All the tools for data analysis. Easy to data visualizations with charts. You can print reports easily. So many free templates to use. You can code to automate. Transform and clean data. Sample Excel File: Click Here!

14. SALAMAT PO! :)