Statistical graphs

Presentation on some statistical graphs

1. STATISTICAL GRAPHS

2. INTRODUCTION In Statistics, we’ve studied about the Frequency Distribution based on the given data. These data were classified as grouped and ungrouped. Based on the data given, we can determine how the table should be. For making a Frequency Distribution Table for ungrouped data is way too easy, while for grouped data, is quite complicated. The Frequency Distribution table is not only the way to express or to file the data. We also use graphs to not just illustrate the data given but also to be able us to understand the data through in visual way. There are 5 different graphs: Bar Graph, Histogram, Frequency Polygon, Pie Chart and the OGIVE Chart.

3. TABLE OF CONTENTS Title…………………………….…….Slide1 Introduction……………............…..Slide2 Table of Contents...………………..Slide3 Frequency Distribution…………...Slide 4 Bar Graph……………………….…..Slide 5-6 Histogram…………………………...Slide 7-8 Frequency Polygon…………….….Slide 9-10 Pie Chart…………………………….Slide 11-12 OGIVE Chart………………………..Slide 13-14 Generalization……………………...Slide 15 Credits……………………………….Slide 16

4. Frequency Distribution Table Is a table w/ the data arranged into different classes and number of cases which fall into each class. This table shows the Frequency Distribution for grouped data: Frequency Distribution of the Number of Members of Each Family Among 50 Families No. of Members Tally Frequency (f) Class Mark Upper Boundary Lower Boundary 1-2 IIIII-IIIII 9 1.5 2.5 0.5 3-4 IIIII-IIIII-IIIII 15 3.5 4.5 2.5 5-6 IIIII-IIIII 10 5.5 6.5 4.5 7-8 IIIII-II 7 7.5 8.5 6.5 9-10 IIII 4 9.5 10.5 8.5 11-12 II 2 11.5 12.5 10.5 13-14 III 3 13.5 14.5 12.5 N = 50 59.5 45.5

5. Bar Graph Is used to show relative sizes of data. Bars drawn proportional to the data may be horizontal or vertical. In constructing Bar Graphs, the following pointers are suggested: Write the appropriate title for the graph indicating important important information. Label both axes. For double or multiple bar graphs, use legend to identify bars. The zero point should be clearly indicated. Bars must be proportional to the quantities they are representing. The width of the bars must be equal. There must be uniform space between bars. If necessary, highlight sources and footnotes.

6. Figure 2.1 Bar Graph

7. Histogram It is a graph that is like the bar graph but only differ in the bars which is joined together and instead of using class intervals it uses the class boundaries (LB – UB). It consists of adjacent rectangles whose width is the distance from the lower to the upper class boundary and the height is the corresponding frequency.

8. 0.5 2.5 4.5 6.5 8.5 10.5 12.5 14.5 Figure 2.2 Histogram

9. Frequency Polygon It shows the relationship between two or more sets of continuous data. For instance, it may show the relationship between a population and time, or liquid capacity and distance. In Constructing Frequency Polygon, the following Pointers are suggested: State clearly the title of the graph indicating important information about the data. Label both axes. For multiple Frequency polygon, a legend will facilitate understanding of the information the graph wants to convey. The zero point should be clearly indicated. Connect plotted points from left to right. Sources and footnotes should be provided, if necessary. For multiple Frequency Polygons, one line should be distinguished from the other. This can be done through the use of color or line forms.

10. Figure 2.3 Frequency Polygon

11. Pie Chart Is best used to compare parts to a whole. The size of each sector of the circle is proportional to the size of the category that it represents To make a Circle Graph, the following pointers are suggested: Organize the data on the table by providing column to the fractional parts or percent each quantity is of the whole and the number of degrees representing each fractional part. On a circle, construct successive central angles using the number of degrees representing each part. Label each part with the appropriate title for the graph.

12. Figure 2.4 Pie Chart

13. OGIVE Chart Is a Frequency polygon where the cumulative frequency of each class is plotted against the corresponding class boundary. For the same data, the less than ogive and the greater than ogive are graphed in one grid. Take note of the importance of the intersection of the ogives .

14. OGIVE Chart Figure 2.5 OGIVE Chart

15. GENERALIZATION There are 4 Graphs to show the Frequency Distribution of data. It is: Bar Graph, Histogram, Frequency Polygon and the Pie Chart. OGIVE Chart is used to illustrate the Less than cumulative Frequency and the Greater than c umulative Frequency.

16. CREDITS JOHN ROME R. ARANAS Creator SOURCES AND RESOURCES Myself New Century Mathematics by Phoenix Publishing Statistics: Rudiments and Analysis of Data by ICS Publishing Math Notebook Ms. Charmaigne Marie Mahamis Google Wikipedia