Steps in counseling Process..from dbu.pptx

Counseling Theory steps

1. Counseling Method: Steps in counseling Process

2. Steps in counseling Process Social workers , traditionally, use a series of steps or processes to help clients resolve their problems. Engagement : Intake of the client Assessment : collecting information about the client needs and strengths Plan : collaborating with the client to develop a plan to change the problems being experienced, Intervention : taking action to alleviate the need of the client (providing service, linking) Evaluation : determining whether the process has been helpful Follow-up : checking to what extent the client is changing Termination : Ending the service with a client

3. Steps in counseling Process Engagement Assessment Evaluation Planning Action Follow-up and Advocacy

4. Discussion Point How is your experience of client intake? What are the issues you consider during your first contact with clients? What issues your clients raise during their first contact?

5. Step 1: Engagement-Intake Purpose is to engage the client and help client decide whether to enter the service provision process Emphasis is on the problem as perceived by the client (not the worker): start where the client is Emphasis is on the here-and -now

6. Engagement… Points to be considered during engagement with a client 1. Time: plan enough time for the conversation so that you can leave the client in control of his/her feelings If time is short, avoid eliciting strong emotions in the client 2. Introducing yourself: who you are and why you are talking to him/her?

7. Engagement… 3. Privacy: Be sure that where the conversation with the client will take place is as private as possible 4. Confidentiality: The client must know that his/her identity will not be revealed, that secrets will be kept, as well as exceptions to confidentiality.

8. Engagement… 5. Start where the client is -- How does the client see the problem? How would he or she like your help or someone else’s help? Where does he or she want to start?

9. Engagement… 6. Questioning Simple language is important Open-ended questions allow the client to talk and help to gather more information Eg : Who....else knows? When....did it begin? Where....did it begin? What would you like to do about it? Closed questions are necessary to obtain specific information or help a shy person talk. Eg : Does....any one else know? Do....you want to do anything about it? Do....you think this will help?

10. Engagement … 7. Empathy Empathy is the ability of one person to step into the inner world of another person and to step out of it again Empathy is to feel ‘WITH’ Sympathy is to feel ‘LIKE’ Pity is to feel ‘FOR’

11. Empathy Scale 1.0: A response that actually makes the client feel much worse. Example 1: The client says, “Sometimes I really feel depressed.” The worker responds, “If you worked harder at your problems, you wouldn’t feel that way.” This reduces trust and will stop the client from telling the worker anything significant. Eg : “You always make the same mistakes and then complain that it’s someone else’s fault.” 2.0: A response that is generally negative or critical. Eg : “I know you were trying your best, but sometimes that’s just not enough.”

12. Empathy… 3.0: A neutral response. The client neither feels better nor worse Example 2: The client says, “Sometimes I really feel depressed.” The worker responds, “It sounds like you feel really depressed sometimes.” The statement was neutral; it neither helped nor hurt the client’s ability to progress with what he or she is feeling.

13. ENGAGEMENT… 4.0: A response that tells the client you understand and are sensitive to what the client is feeling (this response will bring about the client’s desire to tell you more). Example 3: The client says, “Sometimes I really feel depressed.” The worker responds, “It must be painful for you on those days when you feel depressed.”

14. engagement 5.0: A response that so accurately captures what the client feels that it puts it into perfect words “it’s really painful! Am I going to stay in jail?” Eg : I think you feel sad because you just heard your going to stay in the police station?

15. Engagement… 8. Do not’s during engagement with a client Never leave client with a sense of failure even if they have not or cannot answer your questions. Don’t interrupt: Interrupting a client will often bring the client to silence and cause doubt whether he/she is saying the right things. Wait until the client has a natural pause, and clarify points you want to understand more clearly; ‘is that what you meant?’ ‘What happened next?’ Book pp 161

16. Time to Try it Provided are five statements a client might give; write a worker response, then score yourself on the 1–5 scale. The client says: 1. “I hate my husband/wife so much I just feel like packing up my bags, taking the kids, and leaving.” 2. “School is so boring. I think I’ll quit and get a job somewhere and make some money.” 3. “Nobody likes me here. I’d be better off staying at home and reading a book.” 4. “I can’t concentrate on anything. My head just feels all over the place.” 5. “I’m sick all the time and depressed. Why is God doing this to me?”

17. assessment

18. Step 2: Assessing Needs and Strengths Definition of Assessment The process of gathering, synthesizing, and analyzing information about a client / family situation: The purpose is: To understand factors impacting the situation, To prioritize needs, To identify strengths To plan interventions, and To deliver services

19. Steps in Assessment 1 . Plan the Assessment : o What information do you need? o Where can you obtain needed information? o What is the best method for obtaining the information? 2 . Gather information : o Interview individual/child, family members, others o Review Records – school, health, others o Observations – appearance, behaviors, environment o Standardized instruments or professional evaluations

20. Steps in Assessment 3. Analyze information : o What are the major needs to be addressed? o What are the strengths and resources to build upon in addressing the needs? 4. Synthesize information : o What are the priorities for services? o How should we proceed?

21. Issues to be assessed 1. The background of the problem Who is involved in the problem When and how did the problem/issue begin? How has the problem/issue evolved/developed over time? What other stressors/needs affect the problem/issue?

22. Assessment… 2. Need assessment : affecting the child/individual/ family o Health needs? o Educational needs? o Substance abuse? o Financial needs? o Recent transitions/changes? o Previous losses/separations? o Child physical, sexual abuse?

23. Issues to be assessed… 3. What efforts have been made to resolve the problem/issue? • What strategies have been used to solve/address the problem? • What have been the results of each effort to resolve problem? o What successes were achieved? o What challenges/barriers were encountered?

24. Issues to be assessed 4. Assessing the resources/sources of support available • Individual strengths and coping strategies of family members? o Extended family? o Friends? o Financial resources? o Connections to faith community? o Non-Governmental Social Service Agencies?

25. Step 3: Planning Needs Goals Planned Interventions Resources Referrals Time Frame Follow-up and Notes Child is lonely, depressed Increase contact with peers Help child develop a list of favorite activities and people likes to be with Refer to director of community center 2 weeks

26. Planning Issues client-identified issues worker-identified issues agree upon issues for work Goals Plans action plan client task and action steps worker task and action steps In-session task and action steps Maintenance tasks Plans to evaluate progress

27. Step 4: intervention: Service Provision The client may in need of : Basic necessities: food, shelter, cloth Counseling Medical examination Legal support Economic Support To cope with a loss e.t.c

28. Steps in Counseling 1. Developing and maintaining rapport 2. Make the problem specific o What is the problem? o When did it start? 3. Identify & explore feelings o Label the feelings – sad, happy, angry o Notice nonverbal messages/feelings and reflect them back o Acknowledge and affirm conflicting or ambivalent feelings o Tie the feelings to the facts or to the problem

29. Counseling… 4. Discuss solutions and options for solving the problem • What have you tried in the past to solve the problem? • What would you like to do? 5. Share your own ideas about solutions

30. Counseling… 6. Select an option/solution and make a plan Help the child choose a realistic solution o Which solution do you like the best? o Which one are you able to do? o How and when would you do it?

31. Step 5: Follow-Up Stages of Change 1. Pre-contemplation Person has no desire to change, either not aware of the problem or is ignoring it Sees no need to change Para-Social Work Action Provide information and feedback to raise awareness of the problem and the possibility of change Do not give prescriptive advice

32. Follow-Up 2. Contemplation Thinking about change, feeling somewhat concerned about the behavior, but not having yet made commitment to change o Considers change, but also rejects it  Social Work Actions o Help the child tip the balance in favor of change o Help the child see the benefits of changing and the consequences of not changing

33. Follow-Up 3. Decision Determined to change, taking a decision to do so but has not yet put the decision into practice Wants to do something about the problem Social Work Actions o Help the child find a change strategy that is: Realistic & acceptable Accessible & appropriate Effective

34. Follow-Up 4. Action Making the change, trying to change Takes steps to change Social Work Actions o Support the child o Advocate for the child o Help accomplish the steps for change

35. Follow-Up 5. Maintenance Maintaining new behavior or a lifestyle without the old behavior Maintains goal achievement Social Work Actions o Help person identify possibility of relapse o Help person identify and use strategies to prevent relapse

36. Follow-Up 6. Relapse Relapse is possible in both action and maintenance stages Not the end of the changing process Can lead to realization of the danger of getting back to the old behavior and a renewed commitment to further work on the problem (a return to contemplation). Relapse can result in going back to the old behavior which will put the person back at the beginning of the cycle

37. Evaluation Formative evaluation: a means to evaluate the progress of the changing process as it is planned Helpful to take corrective measures (change or modify goals) if the expected change is not happening Summative Evaluation: a means to calculate the final/end result (outcome) of the changing process Useful to capture the whole process of the practice Did it work? How do you know? Is there a need to change or modify goals? Does the client know it worked?

38. Termination Shouldn’t come as a surprise Review progress and reassure client of their ability to function effectively The ultimate goal of any social work service provision should be helping the client to be capable of leading his/her own life successfully Avoid making the client always dependent on you