STERILIZATION AND DISINFECTION PRACTICES IN HOSPITAL.pptx

Following is the ppt for sterilization practices in hospital especially for infection control

1. STERILIZATION AND DISINFECTION PRACTICES IN HOSPITAL

2. DEFINITION DISINFECTION :- It is the process of removing all pathogens or microorganisms but not necessarily spores and viruses mostly by means of chemicals. 2. STERILIZATION:- It is the process by which an article , surface or medium is made free of all microorganisms either in vegetative or spore form.

3. DEFINITION ANTISEPTICS :- Chemical disinfectants which can be safely applied to living tissues and are used to prevent infection by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms. ASEPSIS :- Technique by which the occurrence of infection into an uninfected tissue is prevented.

4. MOMENTS OF HAND WASHING

5. ASEPSIS Medical asepsis (a.k.a. “clean technique” ) :  practices that kill some microorganisms to prevent them from spreading . Surgical asepsis (a.k.a. “sterile technique” ) : practices that completely kill and eliminate microorganisms.

6. STEPS OF SURGICAL HAND WASHING

7. PHYSICAL METHODS

8. SUNLIGHT

9. DRY HEAT STERILIZATION RED HEAT FLAMING INCENERATION HOT AIR OVEN

10. KOCH OR ARNOLD STEAM STERILIZATION

11. AUTOCLAVE Steam under pressure at temp above 100 C is more effective Saturated steam is more efficient sterilizing agent than hot air alone. It provides greater lethal action of moist heat at temp 121 C for atleast 15min. It is quicker in heating up the exposed articles. It can easily penetrate porous material.

12. AUTOCLAVE

13. AUTOCLAVE USES

14. STERILIZATION CONTROLS THERMOCOUPLES BACTERIAL SPORES – Bacillus stearothermophilus BROWNIES’S TUBE AUTOCLAVE TAPES

15. STERILIZATION CONTROLS

16. AIR FILTERS Air can also be sterilized by filtration. Large volumes of air may be rapidly freed from infection by passage through high efficiency particulate (HEPA) filters. These are useful in laminar air flow systems. HEPA filters can remove particles of 0.3µm or larger.

17. CHEMICAL DISINFECTION Variety of chemicals are used as antiseptics or disinfectants for chemical disinfection. MODE OF ACTION :- Protein coagulation Disruption of cell membrane Removal of free sulphydryl group Substrate competition

18. FACTORS AFFECTING CHEMICAL DISINFECTION Concentration of the substance Time of action ph of the medium Temperature Nature of the organism Presence of organic matter

19. GLUTERALDEHYDE Ortho- phthalaldehyde solution(OPA) 0.55% w/v Used for surgical heat sensitive medical instruments , Endoscopes as well as equipment's used for resp. therapy Doesn’t need any dilution Device to be completely immersed in solution for atleast 15 minutes

20. PERACETIC ACID high-level disinfectant and sterilant for endoscope and medical devices. Peradex achieves high-level disinfection/sterilization within 10 minutes of immersion. Peracetic acid, when combined with hydrogen peroxide, was found to be more effective, typically against glutaraldehyde-resistant mycobacteria. Active substance; peracetic acid, generated in-situ (c.   0.25% w/v at 16.2 g/ litre )

21. HYDROGEN PEROXIDE 3%-6% Solution is an antiseptic and antifungal agent used on the wounded skin to prevent infection. Vaporized hydrogen peroxide bio- decontaminaton equipment uses concentrations of 31% or higher. 55-60% concentration used for plasma sterilization.

22. PLASMA STERILIZATION Hydrogen peroxide plasma (HPP) is used as a sterilant  HPP is made after electrons are disassociated from hydrogen peroxide. Free radicals are formed, which can be used for sterilization. Special packing paper is required. Used for instruments that are heat and moisture sensitive

23. PLASMA STERILIZATION

24. PLASMA STERILIZATION CONTROLS

25. FORMALDEHYDE Active against aminogroup in protein molecule. It is lethal to bacteria and their spores, viruses and fungi. It is employed in liquid as well as vapour state Formaldehyde chamber is used for sterilizing clean medical instruments. 10% formalin solution is used for specimen preservation

26. SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE commonly known as bleach, is most frequently used as a disinfecting agent. Minimum Contact time: Surface disinfection - 1 min Liquid waste disinfection - 20 min corrosive to metals 1:10 bleach solution has a shelf life of 24 hours.

27. STERIGEN C Sterigen ® Solution is a high-level disinfectant produced using just three basic ingredients: Tap water, Sterigen ® – C (Electrolyte) and Electricity. ​The system generates stable Hypochlorous Acid ( HClO ) along with a mixture of oxidants like hydroxyl anion, peroxide anion, oxonium ion etc at a near neutral Ph S hort contact time of 30 seconds – 5 minutes.   Can be u sed for aerial fumigation, surface disinfection, hand disinfection, and more. 

28. DISINFECTANT GENERATING SYSTEM

29. CHLORINE TABLETS Chlorine is a widely used water disinfectant which kills most viruses and bacteria in water and treats up to 60 litres of water.  Chlorine tablets are used for  cleaning and disinfecting hospital equipment and surfaces . They are also used in water tank disinfection to minimise the risk of infection.

30. ALCOHOLS Ethanol and Isopropanol are most widely used Used as skin antiseptics Act by denaturing bacterial proteins Rapidly kill bacteria including tubercle bacilli but does not posses sporicidal or virucidal properties 60- 70% is most effective Isopropyl alcohol is preferred over ethyl alcohol as it is better fat solvent and less volatile. Methyl alcohol is effective against bacterial spores

31. COMPARISON BETWEEN DIFFERENT SKIN DISINFECTANTS

32. IODOPHORES Less skin irritation than iodine Can be used on mucus membrane- Best antiseptic for use in genital area Effect persists for 1-6hrs. Preparations range from : 0.5- 10% Effectiveness is moderately reduced by presence of blood.

33. IODOPHORE PREPARATIONS

34. IODOPHORE USES

35. D-125 Key Ingredients:  Didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride. blend of 3rd generation twin chain quaternary ammonium compound.  It kills more than 148 micro-organisms including HIV, HBV, HCV, Polio, H1N1, H5N1 etc. with no evidence of resistance. recommended for use as a hard surface disinfectant 15ml in 1 Ltr for fogging and mopping critical & semi-critical surroundings

36. D-256 5th generation quaternary ammonium compound. Key Ingredients: Didecyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride 8.7%. N-Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride 8.19%. Inert Ingredients 83.11%. Non - Corrosive. hard surface hospital grade disinfectant cleaner that disinfects & cleans in one step. Dilution : For instrument disinfection : 100ml in 1Ltr For surface disinfection: 4ml in 1 Ltr cold water

37. CONCLUSION

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