Steroidal drugs(D. Pharmacy)

Pharmaceutical Chemistry II (D. Pharmacy): Introduction, sex hormone , adrenocorticoids .

1. Steroidal drugs By Shaikh Saniya m. Pharmacy

2. Content Introduction A. sex hormone B. Adrenocorticoids Side effects of steroids

3. Introduction Steroids  are a man-made version of chemicals, known as hormones, that are made naturally in the human body.  Steroids  are designed to act like these hormones to reduce inflammation. 

4. Steroids are complex polynuclear compounds occurs widely in plant and animal kingdoms. They have common steroidal nucleus as shown figure. The ring A,B and C are six membered and D is five membered.

5. a. Sex hormone Sex steroids are important for the skeletal growth and maintenance of both the female and the male skeleton. Sex hormone have been isolated from cortex of adrenal gland. Testosterone is the male sex hormone. It has both anabolic and androgenic activity. Anabolic activity include increase in the rate of protein synthesis, increased muscles and thickening and linear growth of bones.

6. Estradiol and progesterone are female sex hormones. It is concerned with the development and maintenance of female characters and growth and development of female reproductive organs.

7. The different group attached are Keto group is at C 3 Double bond between C 4 and C 5 Hydroxy group at C 17 1.Testosterone

8. Properties It occurs as a white crystalline powder. Odorless and tasteless. Slightly soluble in water Soluble in alcohol. Storage : It is stored in well closed, light resistant containers.

9. Uses It is used for muscle development It used to trat male infertility Dosage form :testosterone injections ,testosterone implants. Brand name: Testoform, testoviron depot.

10. Two oxo grp at C 3 and C 20 Double bond between C 4 and C 5 2.Progesterone

11. Properties Colorless crystal or white or slightly yellowish white crystalline powder. Odorless Insoluble in water Soluble in alcohol Storage and stability : it is stable in air but affected by light. It is stored in well closed, light resistant containers.

12. Uses To maintain pregnancy To treat premenstrual syndrome. It is used to treat breast cancer. To treat premenstrual syndrome(like stress and anxiety) For pr ophylaxis of postnatal depression (sudden fall of progesterone concentration after delivery) Dosage form: implants Brand name: Proluton, proluton depot, progestin, menstrogen.

13. 3.Nandrolone Nandrolone , also known as 19-nortestosterone Nandrolone  is a synthetic, anabolic steroid analog of testosterone. PROPERTIES : It is white or creamy white crystalline powder having a faint characteristic odor. Slightly soluble in water Freely soluble in alcohol and chloroform

14. storage It is stored in well closed, light resistant containers. USES Nandrolone esters are used in the  treatment  of anemias, osteoporosis,  breast cancer DOSAGE FORM Nandrolone injection BRAND NAME: Durabolin ,deubolin , Nandrolin  

15. 4. oEstradiol Oestradiol  is a steroid hormone made from cholesterol and is the strongest of the three naturally produced oestrogens. It is the main oestrogen found in women and has many functions, it mainly acts to mature and maintain the female reproductive system.

16. Properties It is white or creamy white crystalline powder. odorless. In soluble in water Sparingly soluble in vegetable oil and acetone STORAGE: It is stored in well closed, light resistant containers.

17. It is used by  women  to help reduce  symptoms  of  menopause To treat breast cancer. To tr eat prostatic carcinoma in men. To treat primary amenorrhea, delayed onset of puberty DOSAGE FORM: Oestradiol injection   BRAND NAME : Aprocrine. USES

18. B. ADRENOCORTICOIDS The  adrenocorticosteroids  are naturally occurring compounds secreted by the adrenal cortex. Glucocorticoids e.g. Cortisone and hydrocortisone Mineralocorticoids e.g. Aldosterone

19. Glucocorticoids Glucocorticoids are necessary to regulate carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism. e.g. Cortisone and hydrocortisone Glucocorticoids are used to treat: Allergic and anaphylaxis reaction Addison’s diseases Asthma and other respiratory disease

20. Mineralocorticoids The mineralocorticoid are mainly concerned with salt and water metabolism. They maintain proper electrolyte balance. Mineralocorticoids  are produced in the adrenal cortex  e.g. Aldosterone

21. Hydrocortisone Hydrocortisone  creams, ointments and lotions contain a type of medicine known as a corticosteroid  Hydrocortisone  topical is used to treat redness, swelling, itching, and discomfort of various skin conditions.

22. Properties White crystalline powder Odorless Insoluble in water Sparingly soluble in alcohol STORAGE: It is stored in well closed, light resistant containers

23. uses Hydrocortisone topical is used to treat  redness ,  swelling ,  itching , and discomfort of various  skin conditions .  DOSAGE FORM: Hydrocortisone injection Hydrocortisone tablet Hydrocortisone ointment Hydrocortisone cream Hydrocortisone suppository

24. Cortisone Cortisone is a pregnane steroid hormone. Cortisone is a synthetic corticosteroid, which is not released by the adrenal gland.  Cortisone  is a steroid drug. It helps decrease swelling and inflammation in your body. It works by stopping the release of molecules that cause inflammation. 

25. Properties White or creamy white crystalline powder Odourless Slightly soluble in water Soluble in chloroform STABILITY AND STORAGE : It is stable in air but affected by light . It is stored in well closed, light resistant containers

26. uses To treat Allergic and anaphylaxis reaction. To treat Addison's disease. To treat dermatological disease. To treat Asthma and other respiratory disease. To treat rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis

27. Dosage form Cortisone acetate injection Cortisone acetate tablets BRAND NAME Cortin , otek , cotaryl H.

28. Prednisolone PROPERTIES White crystalline powder Odourless and hygroscopic. Very Slightly soluble in water. Soluble in dehydrated alcohol. STORAGE It is stored in well closed, light resistant containers

29. Uses To treat diseases of Liver e.g. hepatic necrosis Kidney e.g. glomerulonephritis. G.I tract ulcerative colitis Eye e.g. inflammation of eye To treat Asthma and other respiratory disease. To treat rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis

30. Dosage form Prednisolone Tablet Prednisolone Injection Prednisolone Eye drop BRAND NAME Histocortin ,prednisol , prednisol-H

31. Betamethasone PROPERTIES White or creamy white crystalline powder Odourless Very Slightly soluble in water Sparingly Soluble in alcohol STORAGE It is stored in well closed, light resistant containers

32. USES Betamethasone  topical is used to treat the itching, redness, dryness, crusting, scaling, inflammation, and discomfort of various skin conditions, including psoriasis (a skin disease in which red, scaly patches form on some areas of the body) and eczema (a skin disease that causes the skin to be dry and itchy) 

33. Dosage form Tablet Injection BRAND NAMES: betacortril , Betnovate

34. Side effects of steroids kidney problems or failure. liver damage and tumors. enlarged heart, high blood pressure, and changes in blood cholesterol, all of which increase the risk of stroke and heart attack, even in young people. increased risk of blood clots. Skin inflammation

35. Thankyou