STETHOSCOPE

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1. STETHOSCOPE A medical instrument for listening to the action of someone's heart or breathing. T ypically having a small disc-shaped resonator that is placed against the chest, and two tubes connected to earpieces . The stethoscope was invented in France in 1816 by René Laennec.   Stethoscopes are a common part of a nurse’s or doctor’s uniform . Types of Stethoscopes :- Single Stethoscopes (Hooks up to one ear )

2. 2. Binaural Stethoscopes (Hooks up to both ears) 3. Differential Stethoscopes (For comparing sounds in two body regions) 4. Electronic Stethoscopes (Amplifies sounds) 5. Fetal Stethoscopes (For listening to fetal heart tones) 6. Esophageal Stethoscope (For listening to the esophagus)  Binaural Stethoscopes   A stethoscope in which the two ear pieces connect with a single bell . EARPIECES/EAR TIPS :- The earpieces fit into external ear canal . They should be an appropriate size for the ear and should fit comfortably .

3. EAR TUBES :- These are the metal tubes onto which the earpieces and the flexible tubing are fitted . TUBING :- The upper portion of the flexible tubing or the yoke , connects the ear tubes while the lower , non-forked portion connects to the chest piece . It transmits sound from the chest piece to the earpieces . It should be 10-15” long . CHEST PIECE :- It is a bell or a diaphragm , many stethoscopes have both . BELL :- A stethoscope’s bell is the cup shaped part that is used for listening low pitched sounds . .

4. DIAPHRAGM :- A stethoscope’s diaphragm is the flat , drum like part that is used for listening high pitched sounds . Positioning the Patient : Patients can be examined while lying supine, sitting and leaning forward . Pericardial sounds are sometime best heard with the patient’s hands on knees . Murmurs : I t is abnormal or unusual heart sound heard during our heartbeat cycle . These sounds can be heard with a stethoscope . Sound is made by blood moving through the heart and its valves . This sound is mainly heard when our heart valves are not functioning proper .