Stone masonry i

Construction materials

1. CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS Course Code: U18CE306 B.Tech III SEM Civil Engineering

2. Stone Masonry Stone is a natural construction material. It is obtained from rocks by quarrying . Rock is a solid mass consisting of a mixture of common materials. Rocks make up the majority of the Earth's crust. A building stone is a piece of rock queried and worked into a specific size and shape for a particular purpose. The properties of stones depends upon the mother rock from which they are extracted. Stones, quieted fresh from the rocks are irregular in shape and size and are soft. They are cut into desired shape and size and seasoned before put to use in construction. Stones are long lasting and naturally available in large quantities

3. Masonry

4. Types of Masonry Stone masonry Brick masonry Hollow concrete blocks masonry Reinforced brick messenger Composite masonry

5. Masonry-Terminology Course Header Stretcher header course stretcher course Bed natural bed Bond Quoins Face Back

6. Masonry-Terminology Facing Hearting Side Joint Closer Queen closer King closer Bevelled closer Mitred closer Bat Perpend

7. Masonry-Terminology Frog Through stone Sill Lintel Plinth Plinth course String course Jambs Reveals Corbel Cornice

8. Masonry-Terminology Coping Weathering Throating Parapet Arch Gable Freeze Blocking course Toothing Lacing course Spalls

9. Masonry-Terminology Stooling Template or bed block Column Pier or Pilaster Buttress Offsets Thresh holds

10. Quoin Stone

11. General Principle Stones should be hard, durable and tough Perfectly dressed Bond stone should not be of dumb bell shape Ends of girders, roof trusses etc , large flat stones should be used Stone masonry section should always be designed to take compression and not the tensile stresses.

12. General Principle Broken stones or small stones chips should not be used. Masonry hearting should be properly packed with mortar and chips The properly wetted stones should be used to avoid mortar moisture being sucked (2 to 3 weeks).

13. Laying The Stone Bottom of the foundation is large No dressing or hammering which will loosen the stone will be permitted after it is placed. Clean each stone and saturate it with water before setting it . Bed the stones in freshly made mortar with full joints . Joints and beds have an average thickness of not more than 1 inch. Vertical joints in each course break with the adjoining courses at least 6 inch. Whenever possible, properly point the face joints before the mortar sets. Note: do not lay the masonry in freezing weather or when the stone contains frost, except with permission subjected to the required conditions.

14. Other Tests on Building Stones 8/15/202 3C2 CM U18CE306 32 IS 1121 : Part 2 : 2013 Determination of Strength Properties of Natural Building Stones - Methods of Test Part 2 Transverse Strength. IS 1121 : Part 3: 2013 Determination Of Strength Properties Of Natural Building Stones , Methods Of Test--Part 3 Tensile Strength. IS 1121 : Part 4: 2013 Determination of Strength Properties of Natural Building Stones - Methods of Test Part 4 Shear Strength. IS 1124 : 1974 Method of test for determination of water absorption, apparent specific gravity and porosity of natural building stones. IS 1706 : 1972 Method for determination of resistance to wear by abrasion of natural building stones