strabismus ppt.pptx

This PowerPoint presentation serves as a comprehensive resource on strabismus, an ocular condition characterized by the misalignment of the eyes. By addressing various aspects of strabismus, including its causes, types, diagnosis, treatment, and patient care, this presentation offers valuable insights for healthcare professionals, researchers, and individuals seeking a deeper understanding of the condition.

The presentation begins with an introduction, providing a clear definition of strabismus and a brief historical background to set the context. It then delves into the anatomy and physiology of the ocular system, explaining the intricate mechanisms of eye movements, the role of extraocular muscles, and the pathways involved in visual perception.

To facilitate a comprehensive understanding, the etiology and classification of strabismus are thoroughly explored. The presentation differentiates between congenital and acquired strabismus, comitant and incomitant forms, and primary and secondary manifestations. Specific etiological factors that contribute to strabismus development are also discussed, shedding light on the diverse causes behind this condition.

Clinical features and symptoms associated with strabismus are highlighted to familiarize the audience with the manifestations of misalignment. These include binocular vision impairments, amblyopia (commonly known as lazy eye), diplopia (double vision), and the overall impact of strabismus on patients' quality of life. Understanding these aspects is crucial in recognizing the functional and psychosocial consequences of strabismus and emphasizes the importance of timely intervention.

The diagnostic evaluation section provides insights into the tools and techniques used to diagnose strabismus accurately. A comprehensive ophthalmic examination is explained, along with specific tests such as the cover-uncover test, alternate cover test, prism cover test, and various imaging techniques that aid in the assessment and quantification of eye misalignment.

Treatment modalities for strabismus are discussed, encompassing both non-surgical and surgical interventions. Non-surgical approaches include spectacle correction, patching therapy to treat amblyopia, pharmacological agents for specific cases, and vision therapy aimed at enhancing binocular vision and eye coordination. Surgical interventions are explored in detail, including indications, considerations, and an overview of different surgical techniques employed to correct eye misalignment.
The presentation highlights the importance of management strategies in strabismus care. Early intervention, particularly in cases involving amblyopia, is emphasized as a means to optimize treatment outcomes. The multidisciplinary approach involving collaboration between ophthalmologists, optometrists, orthoptists, and other healthcare professionals is underscored for comprehensive patient care. The long-term follow-up and monitoring required to address patients....

1. Strabismus Presented by: Ms. Gulafshan Saifi Assistant Professor Faculty of Paramedical Sciences Bareilly International University, Bareilly

2. Introduction Strabismus  is a vision disorder in which the eyes do not properly align with each other when looking at an object. The eye that is focused on an object can alternate .The condition may be present occasionally or constantly .If present during a large part of childhood, it may result in amblyopia, or lazy eyes, and loss of depth perception .If onset is during adulthood, it is more likely to result in double vision.

3. Types of squint Divergent squint Convergent squint 

4. Divergent Squint Exotropia    is a manifest divergent squint. The following relates to concomitant  exotropia  (angle of deviation the same in all positions of gaze and regardless of which eye is fixing).  Divergent squint is a  type of squint  what causes the  deviation of one eye out .

5. Signs & Symptoms Noticeable outward deviation of eyes Rubbing of eyes ​ Noticeable when child look at distance ​ Diplopia ​ Suppression ​ No full image is formed ​

6. Causes The causes of exotropia are not fully understood. Six muscles control eye movement, four that move the eye up and down and two that move it left and right. All these muscles must be coordinated and working properly for the brain to see a single image. When one or more of these muscles does not work properly, some form of strabismus may occur. Strabismus is more common in children with disorders that affect the brain such as cerebral palsy , Down syndrome , hydrocephalus , and brain tumors . One study has found that children with exotropia are three times more likely to develop a psychiatric disorder in comparison with the general population.

7. Treatment Glasses Patching Eye exercise Surgery

8. Convergent squint  Squint (Strabismus) is misalignment of eyes, where both the eyes do not look in the same direction. In convergent squint the deviating eye is directed inwards towards the nose; medically termed Esotropia

9. Signs and Symptoms  Noticeable converged eyes  Lazy eyes

10. Causes Diabetes  Family history Genetic disorders  Hyperthyroidism Neurological disorders Premature birth

11. Treatment  Glasses Surgery Therapy

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