Streptococcus infections ppt download free

About Streptococcus infections

1. STREPTOCOCCUS INFECTION By, ARSHIDA NESLIN P.A

2. Streptococci are also gram-positive cocci but unlike staphylococci, they are more known for their non- suppurative autoimmune complications than suppurative inflammatory responses. Streptococcal infections occur throughout the world but their problems are greater in underprivileged populations where antibiotics are not instituted readily.

3. CLASSIFICATION

4. 1 . Group A or Streptococcus pyogenes , also called ẞ- haemolyticstreptococci , are involved in causing upper respiratory tract infection and cutaneous infections (erysipelas). In addition, ẞ-haemolytic streptococci are involved in autoimmune reactions in the form of rheumatic heart disease (RHD).

5. 2 . Group B or Streptococcus agalactiae produces infections in the newborn and is involved in non- suppurative post-streptococcal site of complications such as RHD and acute glomerulonephritis. 3. Group C and G streptococci are responsible for respiratory infections. 4. Group D or Streptococcus faecalis , also called enterococci are important in causation of urinary tract infection, bacterial endocarditis, septicaemia etc.

6. 5. Untypablea -haemolytic streptococci such as Streptococcus viridans constitute the normal flora of the mouth and may cause bacterial endocarditis. 6. Pneumoconiosis or Streptococcus pneumonia are etiology agents for bacterial pneumonia,meningitis and septicaemia.

7. Cellulitis : An infection that targets tissues deep beneath your skin. Erysipelas : An infection that targets the top layers of skin. Impetigo : Sores and blisters that form near your mouth and nose or on your arms and legs. Sore throat : Pain and discomfort in your throat. Strep throat : An infection in your throat and tonsils. Group A streptococcal infections Mild illness:-

8. Sore throat

9. Erysipelas Impetigo

10. Severe illness :- . Scarlet fever . Rheumatic fever . Flesh eating disease

11. SCARLET FEVER . Scarlet fever is an infection that causes a sore throat and a rash. It occurs commonly in Children. It has a sudden onset and the more severe cases present with a sore throat, shivering, pyrexia, headache and vomiting .

12. SIGHS AND SYMPTOMS Scarlet fever usually starts with a sudden fever associated with sore throat, swollen neck glands, headache, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, swollen and red strawberry tongue, abdominal pain, body aches, and malaise.
The characteristic rash appears 12-48 hours after the start of the fever. The rash usually starts below the ears, neck, chest, armpits and groin before spreading to the rest of the body over 24 hours. The classic scarlet fever rash initially appears as tiny red papules on the chest and abdomen. Papules may then spread over the body. The rash resembles sunburn, feels like rough sandpaper, and lasts about 2 to 5 days.

13. Strawberry tongue Sandpaper rush

14. TREATMENT The treatment of scarlet fever normally involves a 10-day course of oral antibiotics, usually penicillin. Patients who are allergic to penicillin may take erythromycin or another antibiotic instead. It is also important that the patient drinks plenty of liquids, especially if there is a loss of appetite .

15. Rheumatic fever It is an inflammatory disorder, occurs in < 3% of patients in the weeks after untreated GABHS pharyngitisto due to Streptococcus pyogenes . Acute rheumatic fever is usually characterized by fever and affects multiple organ systems. Rheumatic fever causes inflammation, especially of the heart, blood vessels and joints. Pencilling prophylaxis is essential.

16. FLESH EATING DISEASE Also called: Necrotizing fasciitis. A serious bacterial infection that destroys the tissue under the skin very rapidly.
Flesh-eating disease occurs when bacteria enter the body through a break in the skin. People with a weakened immune system can be at greater risk of developing this condition.

17. PATHOGENISIS • Suppurative diseases : 1. Respiratory infections
2. Skin and soft tissue infections 3. Genital infections Non suppurative : 1. Acute rheumatic fever 2. Acute glomerulonephritis

18. Respiratory infections: • Primary site – throat
• Adherence – by pili
• Tonsillitis
• Pharyngitis
• Streptococcal pneumonia

19. Skin and soft tissue infections: . Cellulitis
• Septicemia • Erysipelas
• Impetigo Genital infections : • Normal inhabitants of the female genitalia
• Puerperal sepsis

20. Acute glomerulonephritis: Less frequent consequence of streptococcal infection.
Produced by group A and some group C streptococci. Pathogenesis is due to antigenic cross-reaction between the glomerular membrane antigen and the cell membranes of nephrogenic streptococci .

21. PREVENTION: Wash your hands. Proper hand-washing is the best way to prevent all kinds of infections.
Cover your mouth especially after cough or sneeze.
Don’t share personal items. Don’t share drinking glasses or eating utensils.

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