Structure-and-Composition-of-the-Earth.pdf

Earth and Life science

1. COURTESY OF NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER

2. The spectacular "blue marble" image is focused
on eastern Africa and Asia's Indian
Subcontinent. In addition to the dark blue of the
Indian Ocean, the lighter blue of east Africa's
Great Lakes are also visible. The Nile River, the
world's longest river, can be seen snaking its
way to a fertile green delta near where east
Africa meets the Arabian Peninsula. The
continental islands of Madagascar (off the
southern coast of Africa) and Sri Lanka (off the
southern coast of India) are also clearly visible.

3. Earthis theplanetwe live on, one of
eightplanetsin oursolar system.
It is about 150 million kilometers (about 93
million miles) from thesun.
This distance, called anastronomical
unit(AU), is a standard unit of measurement
inastronomy.
Earthis one AU from thesun.
TheplanetJupiter is about 5.2 AU from
thesun—about 778 million kilometers (483.5
million miles).

4. Earthis the largest and mostmassiveof
therockyinner planets, although it is
dwarfed by thegas giantsbeyond
theAsteroid Belt.
Itsdiameteris about 12,700 kilometers
(7,900 miles), and itsmassis
about 5.9722×10
24
kg.
Earthis anoblate spheroid.
Earthhas one naturalsatellite, theMoon.

5. https://res.cloudinary.com/dtpgi0zck/image/upload/s--A8Lgos-5--
/c_fit,h_580,w_860/v1/EducationHub/photos/orbital-plane.jpg

6. Earth’s interior is a complex structure of
superheatedrocks.
3 layers of the Earth
❑CRUST
❑MANTLE
❑CORE

7. is theplanet’s thinnest layer, accounting for
just 1% ofEarth’smass.
Composed of great variety of igneous,
sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks.
Rocks found in the crust is consist of mostly
of lighter elements such as;
❑Si
❑K
❑Na

8. Continental Crust
Oceanic Crust

9. OCEANIC CRUST CONTINENTAL CRUST
thin,dense
Oceaniccrustextends
about 5 to 10
kilometers (3 to 6
miles) beneath
theoceanfloor.
Consist of dark colored
rocks made up of
basalt.
thick, less-dense
Continentalcrustis
about 35 to 70
kilometers (22 to 44
miles) thick.
Made up of granite
rock

10. Amantleof heavyrock(mostlysilicates)
surrounds thecore.
Themantleis about 2,900 kilometers (1,802
miles) thick, andmakes up a whopping 84%
ofEarth’s totalvolume.
Parts of themantlearemolten, meaning they
are composed of partly meltedrock.

11. Mantle rocks also possess a higher portion of
Fe and Mg and a smaller portion of Si and Al
than the crust.
Mantle temperature ranges between 1,000
degree Celsius (upper boundary near the
crust) to over 4, 000 degree Celsius (lower
boundary near the outer core)
Between the upper and lower mantle is the
transition zone where rocks undergo radical
transformations

12. Earth’scoreis mostly made ofironandnickel.
Inner Core-with a thickness of 1216 km
surrounded by solid iron and Nickel
Outer Core-with a thickness of 2270 km is
mostly composed of liquid iron.
Itconsistsof a solid center surrounded by an
outer layer ofliquid.
Thecoreis found about 2,900 kilometers (1,802
miles) belowEarth’s surface.
Maximum temperature of 6400 degrees Celsius.