Structure and Functions of Lipoprotein.pptx

Seminar Topic

1. SUBMITTED BY :- VINAY M I MSc I SEM PG Department of Biotechnology Sahyadri Science College Shivamogga-577203 UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF Dr. PRADEEPA K Assistant Professor PG Department of Biotechnology Sahyadri Science College Shivamogga-577203 KUVEMPU UNIVERSITY SAHYADRI SCIENCE COLLEGE, SHIVAMOGGA-577 203 PG DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY SEMINAR TOPIC ON – STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF LIPOPROTEIN

2. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION HISTORY STRUCTURE OF LIPOPROTEINS MECHANISM OF LIPOPROTEINS ROLE OF LIPOPROTEINS BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE TYPES (CLASSIFICATION) ASSOCIATED DISEASES CONCLUSION REFERENCE

3. INTRODUCTION Lipoproteins is one of the component of compound lipids. These are the lipid molecules conjugated with the protein molecules. They contain triglycerol, phospholipids, cholesterol & cholesteryl esters, free fatty acids and also proteins in combination. They carry cholesterol through our blood stream to the cells. Lipoprotein are an important component of the cell membrane and their special structure is responsible for the active permeability properties of the cell membrane. They also play an important role in electron transport system of mitochondria. A lipoprotein is a biochemical assembly whose primary function is to transport hydrophobic lipid molecules in water, as in blood plasma or other extra cellular fluids.

4. HISTORY Lipoprotein (a), was discovered in the 1960s by the Norwegian physician Kare Ingmar Berg. Kare Berg (1932 – 2009)

5. STRUCTURE Lipoproteins are complex particles that have a central hydrophobic core of non-polar lipids, primarily cholesteryl esters and triglycerides. Lipid portion – Cholesterol and triglycerides. This hydrophobic core is surrounded by a hydrophilic membrane consisting of phospholipids, free cholesterol, and apolipoprotein. Protein portion - Apolipoproteins

6. Mechanism of Lipoproteins The transport of triglycerol and cholesterol by lipoproteins.

7. ROLE OF LIPOPROTEINS Transport of triglycerides from intestine & liver to peripheral tissues (dietary & stored fatty acids) Transport of cholesterol & phospholipids to peripheral tissues, glands, and liver (reverse) Transport of liposoluble vitamins Transport of antioxidant enzymes Neutralization of endotoxins Effect of oxidised lipids on immune defenses and inflammation

8. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Transportation of Lipids : Lipoproteins transport lipids, including cholesterol and triglycerides, throughout the body. Cellular Function : They deliver lipids to tissues for energy production, hormone synthesis, and cell membrane maintenance. Cholesterol Metabolism : Lipoproteins are involved in cholesterol metabolism, essential for processes like bile acid synthesis and steroid hormone production. Prevention of Diseases : Balanced lipoprotein levels are crucial for preventing cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. Overall Health Maintenance : Understanding lipoproteins' role is vital for maintaining optimal health and preventing diseases related to lipid metabolism.

9. CLASSIFICATION Chylomicrons Very low density lipoproteins Intermediate density lipoproteins Low density lipoproteins High density lipoproteins

10. CHYLOMICRONS Chylomicrons, the largest of the lipoproteins[75-600nm], are synthesized in the intestine. They transport ingested triacylglycerols to other tissues mainly skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, and transport ingested cholesterol to the liver. Chylomicron is also known as ultra low density lipoprotein(ULDL). They are responsible for the transport of all dietary lipids into the circulation.

11. VERY LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (VLDL) Very Low-Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) is a type of lipoprotein primarily synthesized by the liver to transport triglycerides, cholesterol, and other lipids through the bloodstream. Predominantly consists of triglycerides (50-60%), cholesterol (10-15%), phospholipids (20-25%), and proteins (5-10%), primarily apolipoprotein B-100. Transports lipids from the liver to peripheral tissues, providing energy through triglyceride metabolism.

12. INTERMEDIATE DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (IDL) IDL is a type of lipoprotein that is intermediate in density between VLDL (Very Low-Density Lipoprotein) and LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein). It is formed during the metabolism of VLDL in the bloodstream. Contains a mixture of triglycerides, cholesterol, phospholipids, and proteins with a composition that is intermediate between VLDL and LDL. Apolipoprotein B-100 is the primary protein component similar to VLDL and LDL. IDL plays a transitional role in lipid metabolism, serving as an intermediate between VLDL, which transports lipids from the liver to peripheral tissues.

13. LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (LDL) LDL is a type of lipoprotein primarily composed of cholesterol, with a smaller proportion of triglycerides, phospholipids, and proteins. It is often referred to as "bad cholesterol" due to its role in contributing to atherosclerosis. Contains primarily cholesterol (50% of its weight) and smaller amounts of triglycerides, phospholipids, and proteins. Transports cholesterol from the liver to peripheral tissues, including cells throughout the body. Provides cholesterol for cell membrane formation, hormone synthesis, and bile acid production.

14. HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (HDL) HDL is a type of lipoprotein primarily composed of proteins with a smaller proportion of cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides. It is often referred to as "good cholesterol" due to its role in removing cholesterol from the bloodstream. Contains high levels of proteins (about 50%of its weight),particularly apolipoproteins such as apoA -I and apoA -II. Contains lower levels of cholesterol, phospholipids,and triglycerides compared to LDL and VLDL.

15. ASSOCIATED DISEASES Atherosclerosis Coronary Artery Disease Peripheral Artery Disease Ischemic Stroke Hyper Tension Family Hypercholesterolemia

16. CONCLUSION Blood is watery & cholesterol is fatty, to transport cholesterol in the blood stream, it needs to carry in small packages called lipoproteins.

17. REFERENCES Gofman JW, Jones HB, Lindgren FT, Lyon TP, Elliott HA, Strisower B (August 1950). "Blood lipids and human atherosclerosis". "Microbial Proteolipids and Lipopeptides - glycopeptidolipids, surfactin, iturnins, polymyxins, daptomycin". The LipidWeb. Retrieved 21 July 2019. Satyanarayana, U. (2002). Biochemistry (2nd ed.). Kolkata, India: Books and Allied.